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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
ლოქმან არსლანი

grafika da dizaini
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გამოცემისთვის მოამზადა
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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 12.11.2019/119

ISBN: 978-605-7730-86-2
2019-34-Y-0003-1697
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, სტამბოლი 2019

გამოცემა
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islami da

simboloebi

თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

islami da simboloebi

kiTxuloben: dr. iuqsel salmani

ra aris simbolo, ras mogviwodebs?

simbolos xsenebisas wlebis win wakiTxuli wigni maxsendeba. patara wigni iyo, magram Sinaarsi sakmaod tevadi hqonda. „homo semiotikus“, ase erqva wigns. adamiani simboloebiT arsebobs, ambobda is wigni. rasac Cven simbolos vuwodebT, rogorc am wignSi unda mogiTxroT, konkretuli raimis arsebiT mniSvnelobaze fokusirebaa. risi gagebac dRis wesrigSi dgeba, yvelaferi simbolos mniSvnelobas atarebs. rogorc im wignSia moTxrobili, adamiani sagnebs mniSvnelobas akuTvnebs. is calkeul sagnebs saxelebs arqmevs. am saxeliT sagani raobas iZens. mogvianebiT Tu adamiani am sagnis raobas raimes daumatebs da axal mniSvnelobas SesZens, sagnis mniSvneloba da Tvisebebi gaizrdeba, gaRrmavdeba da misi raoba imdenad Seicvleba, rom Tavdapivelad Serqmeuli saxeli simbolod iqceva. amrigad adamiani simboloebiTa da niSan-TvisebebiT urTierTobs. aRniSnul mdgomareoba lingvisturi Teoriebic ganixilaven. komunikaciisaTvis adamianebi niSnebsac iyeneben da amgvari niSnebis ena simboloebisa da niSnebisagan Sedgeba.

niSnebi garkveul mniSvnelobebs gamoxataven. uZvelesi xanidan moyolebuli, roca adamianma sagnebis gamoyeneba daiwyo, roca erTimeoresTan komunikaciis damyareba iwyeboda, adamiani sagnebs saxelebs arqmevda da garkveul mniSvnelobas akuTvnebda. is WeSmaritebidan gadataniTi mniSvnelobisken iRebda gezs. am yvelafers ki simboloebis gamoyenebiT akeTebda. sinamdvileSi samyaroc erT-erTi simboloa, niSania.

is raRacaze migvaniSnebs. es aris diadi gamCenis, RmerTis niSani. samyaroze dakvirvebisas vxvdebiT, rom mTeli samyaro, ca, varskvlavebi, mze, mTvare, wvima, Tovli, mTebi, mTeli cocxali da aracocxali buneba raRacis mimaniSnebelia. adamiani mxolod fizikur samyaros ki ar aZlevs mniSvnelobas, is metafizikur samyarosac aRiqvams da azrs sZens. adamiani magaliTebisa da sxvadasxva Tqmulebebis saSualebiT metafizikuri samyaros gagebasa da sxvebisTvis gadacemas cdilobs. sakiTxs cota ufro Rrmad Tu ganvixilavT, Suamavlebis mier motanili informacia, pirdapir metafizikuri samyaros Sesaxeb cnobebs warmoadgens.

yuranSi tradiciebisa da simboloebis Sesaxebaa moTxrobili, SegiZliT es ufro gangvimartoT?

yovel adamians, iseve rogorc yvela sazogadoebriv erTeuls da sarwmunoebriv sistemas misTvis maxasiaTebeli niSnebi da simboloebi gaaCniaT. yoveli religiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli religiuri ritualebi, faqtiurad am religiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi da simboloebia. magaliTad, islamSi namazi erT-erTi aseTi simboloa. namazi muslimebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli RvTismsaxurebis froma da simboloa. muslimis mier namazze dgoma, ruqu, sejde, yoveli moZraoba calkeuli simbolo da gamoxatulebaa. garda vizualuri formisa, yovel moZraobas Tavisi mniSvneloba gaaCnia. ra aris es mniSvneloba? es aris RmerTis mimarT Tayvaniscema, misdami vedreba, RvTismsaxureba. rodesac vsaubrobT, rom namazi islamis erT-erTi simboloa, aq vizualurTan erTad mis Sinagan mniSvnelobasac vgulisxmobT.

msxverplSewirvac erT-erTi simboloa. Cveulebrivi TvaliT rom SevxedoT, msxverplis Sewirva samsxverple pirutyvis dakvlas, misi sisxlis daRvras da gamCenze Sewirvas gulisxmobs, magram mis mizans Tu gavaanalizebT, es aris RmerTis kmayofilebisTvis gaweuli RvTismsaxureba, Sewirva da sxvaTa daxmareba. amitomaa yuranSi nabrZanebi, rom msxverplis arc xorci daa rc sisxli ar miva RmerTTan, masTan mxolod Cvens mier Sesrulebuli RvTismsaxureba midis. es exeba yvela saxis RvTismsaxurebas. mcenareebis da cxovelTa samyaro adamianTa moxmarebisTvisaa gaCenili, RmerTma ase gaaCina, amitom maTiT sargebloba savsebiT bunebrivi ramaa. Sesabamisad maTiT sargebloba cocxali arsebis sicocxlis mospobaT ar unda CaiTvalos. Sewirvis dros adamians sakuTari interesebis miRma kidev sxva miznebi amoZravebs, ris gamoc aRniSnuli qmedeba religiur simbolod iTvleba.

sarwmunoeba yovelTvis gvafrTxilebs, rom Cven Tavad simboloebi ki ar unda miviCnioT mTavar miznad, aramed is miznebi unda gvaxsovdes, riTic ama Tu im simbolos SesrulebiT gvsurs, rom mivaRwioT.

magaliTad haji simboloebiT yvelaze metad datvirTuli RvTismsaxurebaa, ase ar aris?

ra Tqma unda. haji aris RvTismsaxureba, romelsac yvelaze meti simbolo gaaCnia. ufro metic, is simbolebisgan Semdgari RvTismsaxurebaa. yuranSic aris nabrZanebi, rom safasa da merves gorakebs Soris mimosvla RvTiT dadgenili simboloa. hajis dros Sesrulebuli yoveli rituali simboluria da Tavis mniSvnelobas atarebs. am simboloebiT RmerTi Cven mis ZiriTad mniSvnelobas gvaxsenebs. es aris simboloebi, riTic Cven Suamaval abraamis RvTismsaxurebas vixsenebT.

misalmebac simboloa?

salamic asea. misalmebis forma da amasTanave is faqti, rom „selam“-i RmerTis erT-erTi saxelia, adamianebs Soris komunikaciis dros gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas atarebs da aseve metafizikur mniSvnelobasac sZens. gamomdinare aqedan misalmeba mxolod or pirovnebas Soris sityvier komunikacias an manerebiT gamoxatul fizikur qmedebas ar niSnavs. am qmedebiT adamiani Tavis erTgulebas, sandoobas, Tavis dadebiT damokidebulebas meore mxares gadascems. rodesac adamians vesalmebiT da Tan RmerTis saxels vaxsenebT, metafizikuri xaziT Cvens dadebiT damokidebulebas meore mxares gadavcemT.

ezani sxvadasxva tonalobiT, sxvadasxva adgilas ikiTxeba, magram msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi Tivisi mniSvnelobiT muslimTa Soris saerTo suls da Zlier erTianobas warmoSobs. es Zalian Zlieri gzavnilia.

modiT, ase vifiqroT: ezani aris medinaSi warmoSobili erTgvari Sexmianeba mlocvelebze, raTa isini salocavad meCeTSi misuliyvnen. mlocvelebze Sexmianebis formebs eZebdnen muslimebi da zogma is sizmarSi naxa, zogma ki ubralod igrZno, magram ezanSi arsebuli sityvebi, maTi mniSvneloba, stili da tonaloba muslimebisTvis saerTo niSnad da simbolod iqca. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi muslimebi erTi da igive Zaxils yurs ugdeben, erTnairad grZnoben da saerTo atmosferos qmnian.

da qaaba?

qaabas Tu SevxedavT qviT nagebi kuburi formis nagebobaa. garkveuli sigrZis, siganisa da simaRlis nageboba... hajerul esvedi, abraamis „mayami“... es yvelaferi qvebia. isini qvebiTaa mopirkeTebuli da qvebiT nagebi. Tumca isini TavianTi mniSvnelobiT gacilebiT metni arian, vidre qvebi. qaaba ar aris mxolod saxli. is RmerTis saxlia. yvela muslimisTvis is RmerTis saxlia. qaabas xsenebisas sul sxva grZnoba gveufleba. aseve gansxvvebulia is Zaxili, riTic qaaba gvexmianeba. ra Tqma unda, roca vambobT rom is RmerTis saxlia, es imas ar niSnavs, rom is RmerTis sacxovrebeli adgilia. aseve cnobilia „beiTul mamur“, romelic metaforiulad niSnavs saxls, sadac mTeli samyaroa gaerTianebuli. muslimebi „saxlis xalxia“. magaliTad, dasavleTSi usaxlkaro adamianebs, romlebic quCebSi, skverebSi, xidis qveS, bankis win da sxvadasxva adgilebSi aTeven Rames, „houmles“, anu uasaxlkaros eZaxian. iqneb Cven esoden did mniSvnelobas imitom vaniWebT simboloebs, rom es simboloebi CvenTvis erTgvar „saxls“ warmoadgens. es simboloebi rom davkargoT usaxlkarod davrCebiT. muslimebi namaziT, marxviT, msxverplSewirviT, hajiT, ezaniT da sxva simboloebiT sakuTar saxlebs aSeneben. isini ageben iseT saxlebs, sadac usafrTxod arian. am yvelafers, fiqrs, azrs, rwmenas da Rirebulebebs vinc dakargavs usaxlkarod darCeba.

gamomdinare aqedan, simboloebis dacva erTgvari usafrTxoebaa?

saxlis dacva sakuTari usafrTxoebis dacvaa. simboloebis dakargva gzis maCveneblebis dakargvas niSnavs. amitomaa, rom simboloebiT nagebi saxlis simtkice unda SevinarCunoT. simboloebis ugulebelyofa, maTi mniSvnelobis gaubraloebis mcdeloba saxlis dacarielebas gamoiwvevs. Cvens fiqrebs, azrebs, rwmenasa da Rirebulebs TavianTi saxli gaaCniaT. Tu maT davkargavT, davkargavT saxls da usaxlkaroni viqnebiT.

gamomdinare aqedan, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom namdvili usaxlkaroni isini arian, vinac simboloebi da maTi Rirebulebebi dakarga da ara isini, visac saxli ar aqvs?

adamians rom saxli Tavze daengreva misTvis es yvelaze cudi ramaa. rodesac adamians raime didi ubedureba daatydeba Tavs, is ambobs „saxl-kari Tavze dameqca“. adamianebi did panikaSi vardebian, rodesac miwisZvris dros saxlebi engrevaT. saxlis dangreva erT-erTi yvelaze saSineli ubedurebaa, rac SeiZleba adamians Tavs daatydes. gamomdinare aqedan, simboloebis dakargva, romelic saxlis dangrevasa da usaxlkarod darCenasTanaa Sedarebuli, fiqris, azris, rwmenis, moraluri Rirebulebebis dakargvas niSnavs. Cven am simboloebis meoxebiT daculad, usafrTxod, sakuTar saxlSi vgrZnobT Tavs da maTi dakargva gonebriv da kulturul kriziss gamoiwvevs. amitom simboloebis mniSvneloba sulac ar aris simboluri. is Cvens rwmenis sistemas ayalibebs da Tan Tavs usafrTxod gvagrZnobinebs. amrigad islamTan dakavSirebuli yvelaferi; salaparako ena, droTa ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli Cacmis stili, ganviTarebuli stili, moda, quCebi, saxlebi, qalaqebi, salocavebi, salocavebSi arsebuli interieri, niSan-Tvisebebi, simboloebi, mokled es yvelaferi, muslimobasTan asocirdeba. amrigad Cven vsaubrobT islamur xelovnebaze, arqiteqturasa da sxva msgavs sferoebze. es yvelaferi muslimebis mier warmoebuli simboloebia. am yvelafers religiuri da kulturuli Rirebulebebi gaaCnia. am yvelafers tradiciuli da Tanamedrove Rirebulebebi gaaCnia.

aseTi didi mniSvnelobis mqone simboloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT ra SegiZliaT rom TqvaT?

sinamdvileSi yvela simbolo Rirebulebebis TvalsazrisiT Tanabari ar aris. muslimebis mier warmoebuli yoveli simbolo maTi momavlis usafrTxoebis garants warmoadgens. amitom, iahia qemalis mier uskupSi eznis gaxseneba mxolod nostalgia ar iyo. mas gaaxsenda is xma, romelic mis usafrTxoebas, patiosnebas, mSvidobasa da naTel momavals axsenebda. adamianebi simboloebs icaven da maT es midrekileba gaaCniaT.

Tumca, arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom Tanamedrove periodSi tradiciuli simboloebis gaufasureba an siaxleebiT Sevseba mimdinareobs. magaliTad, muslimebi vambobT „allahu eqber“ da es islamis mniSvnelovani niSania. is gamoxatavs RmerTis gandidebas da am sityvebiT Cven vambobT, rom RmerTi diadia. Tanamedrove periodSi es fraza sxvadasxva situaciaSi iqna gamoyenebuli da sxvadasxva arasasiamovno movlenebs daukavSirda. Sesabamisad msoflios zogierT nawilSi am frazis gagonebisas zogierT adamians Zalian mcdari molodinebi eqmneba. cxadia, rom Tanamedrove msoflioSi simboloebis winaaRmdeg sakmaod seriozuli brZola mimdinareobs. samwuxarod meoce da ocdameerTe saukuneebSi islamis simboloebi amgvari deformaciis safrTxis winaSe iqna mitovebuli. islamofobia, swored amgvari sawyisebidan sazrdoobs. islamis sada, ucodveli simboloebis deformirebisTvis mravali mzakvruli mcdeloba iqna gamoyenebuli. isini cdiloben Seuracxyon qaaba, yurani, minereTi da muslimebTan asocirebuli sxva simboloebi. maTi dakninebisTvis ki sxvadasxva saSualebebs iyeneben, karikaturebi iqneba, fotoebi Tu sxva.

magaliTad aviRoT xmali. isini Seecadnen islami da xmali erT mTlianobad warmoeCinaT da ase islamis mimarT negatiuri damokidebulebis warmoqmna scades. gamomdinare aqedan cxadia, rom Tanamedrove epoqaSi simboloebiT da simboloebisTvis brZola ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba. es aris sxvadasxva kulturaTa Soris urTierTSetakebis procesi. am SetakebebSi ki simboloebis ngrevas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

aseve maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli simboloebi aqvT erovnebebsac. eris sicocxlisunarianobisaTvis am simboloebs didi mniSvneloba gaaCniaT. magaliTad droSa erT-erTi aseTi simboloa. droSa mxolod naWrisgan Sekerili feradi da naxatebiani sagani ar aris. mis ukan saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili brZolebi, Tavisufleba, Sroma da gmirobis ambebia. amitomaa, rom is mTeli eris erTgvari gamoxatulebaa. is aris eris xasiaTis gamomxatveli simbolo.

religiuri
simbolo ezani

prof. doq. soner gunduzozi

adamians aucileblad uCndeba kiTxva: „drois aTvla saidan daiwyo?“

sinamdvileSi, amis gageba Zalian rTulia. mxolod qronologiuri xazis gavleba SegviZlia. gamCenma jer kidev qveynierebis gaCenamde gaCenil sulebs hkiTxa: „me Tqveni gamCeni ar var?“ sulebmac: „diax, mxolod Sen xar Cveni gamCeni“, -upasuxes. Semdeg iyo arafati, pirveli salocavi qaaba... yoveli adgili istoriuli mowmea kacobriobis morwmuneobrivi cxovrebisa. amrigad, drois dasawyisis migneba rTulia, magram samagierod is SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ezani drois maCvenebeli RvTiuri saaTia. ezani, rogorc yoveldRiuri programa, adamianebs dReSi xuTjer sulierebiT avsebs. ezani aerianebs da erTimeores akavSirebs yoveli dRis yovel saaTs. is ismis dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxidan dReRamis nebismier dros da drosTan erTad adgilebsac erTimeoresTan akavSirebs. amgvarad meqa medinasTan, medina ierusalimTan, ierusalimi isfahanTan, isfahani baRdadTan, baRdadi SamTan, Sami halepTan, halepi stambolTan, stamboli londonTan aris dakavSirebuli. eznis safari qalaq-qalaq, sofel-sofel uban-uban efineba mTel dedamiwas da mis yovelwuTierebas moicavs.

ezani upirvelesad adamianis guls ukavSirdeba. eznis sityvebi da tonaloba simboloebiTaa datvirTuli. hadisebidan viciT, rom islamis medinaSi gavrcelebis pirvel wlebSi morwmuneni bWobdnen, Tu rogor moexmoT mlocvelebi. amaze bevri ifiqres abdullah ibni zeidma, hz. omarma da sxvebma. am dros erT-erT morwmune megobars RvTiT moevlina is sityvebi. romlebic ezanSia gamoyenebuli.

abdullah ibni zeidma sizmari naxa da am sizmarSi mwvaniT Semosilma kacma mas auxsna Tu rogor unda moexmoT mlocvelebi namazze. manamde mimdinareobda bWoba da ramodenime versiac ki arsebobda. zogi ambobda, rom zari daerekaT, zogi sayviriT vacnoboT xalxso, zogi droSis aRmarTvis momxre iyo. abdullahis sizmris mixedviT ki locvaze mopatiJeba sityvebiT unda yofiliyo. abdullahi uTenia SuamavalTan mivida da Tavisi sizmari mouyva. Suamavalma daudastura, rom misi sizmari WeSmariti iyo da locvad moxmobis sityvierad, daZaxebis formiT dakanoneba daadastura. Semdeg es sityvebi bilals Seaswavles da bilalmac mlocvelebs xmamaRla mouwoda. eznis gagonebaze hz. omari saswrafod SuamavalTan mivida da daifica, rom zustad igive ram naxa sizmrad. Suamavali kmayofili darCa da RmerTs madloba Seswira.

amrigad ezani muslimebisTvis namazisken mowodebis RvTiur Zaxilad iqca. morwmuneebs yovel religiaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesasruleblad sxvadasxva formiT iwveven. yoveli forma konkretuli religiis Sesaxeb garkveul informacias iZleva. RvTismsaxurebaze daZaxeba religiuri simboloa. istoriulad iudaizmis mimdevrebi mlocvelebs sayviris saSualebiT exmianebodnen. qristianebi saamisod zars rekaven. zogierT religiebSi dols an cecxls iyenebdnen. rac Seexeba ezans, is am yvelafrisgan gansxvavdeba da konkretuli sityvebisgan Sedgeba.

ezani TevhidiT, anu RmerTis didebiT iwyeba da aseve RmerTis didebiT mTavrdeba. masSi aris Sahada, sarwmunoebis safuZveli. ezani ambobs, rom muhammedi RmerTis Suamavalia. ezani morwmuneebs locvisken mouwodebs. namazi gadarCenaa, amas axsenebs ezani morwmuneebs. ezani erTis mxriv namazis, RvTismsaxurebis drois mosvlas amcnobs yvelas da meores mxriv rwmenis formulas axmovanebs. allahu eqber, am sityvebis mniSvneloba yvelam icis aRmosavleTiT Tu dasavleTiT, CrdiloeTiT Tu samxreTiT. am sityvebis gagonebaze yvela xvdeba, rom namazis droa mosuli. samyaroSi umciresi nawilakic ki am xmiTaa gajerebuli. allahu eqber, allahu eqber... yvelafers es xma moicavs. mueZinis xmas qalaqebi, buneba, zRvebi da mTebi uerTdeba. rogorc gazafxulze icis, TandaTan rom iSleba yvavilebi, eznis xmazec ise ifurCqneba irgvliv aremare. ezani xom aremaris gazafxulia. eznis gagonebaze zeciur surnels vynosavT da sulier sixalvaTes vgrZnobT. rodesac uTenia eznis xma ismis RvTiuri naTeliT ivseba qalaqebi, ubnebi, quCebi, adamianebi. yovel karTan Teqbiri, yovel kuTxeSi Sahada, yovel yuCaSi salami... neta bilali kiTxulobs am ezans Tu ibni ummu meqTumi? roca sxeulebi jer kidev wevs da isvenebs, sulebi ukve fexze dgas da sicocxle sikvdils sWarbobs.

ezani drosa da sivrces erTianad moicavs. ezanis kiTxvisas yvela adgili Tevhidis madliT imoseba. minareTebi aRmarTula da iqidan momdinare xma mlocvelebs meCeTebSi agrovebs. dReSi xuTjer qalaqis didi da STambeWdavi meCeTebidan, soflebSi ki ufro patara da mokrZalebuli minareTebidan wamosuli eznis xma mlocvelebs namazisken mouwodebs. adamianTa sulebi eznis xmaze smenad iqcevian. eznis xmaze mTvlemare samyaro umal ifxizlebs.

sinamdvileSi Suamavlis dros namazisken moxmobis meTodebze msjelobisas mxolod namazis drois Setyobineba ar hqondaT miznad. aq mniSvnelovani iyo muslimebi erTad, erTianad misuliyvnen meCeTebSi da erTad elocaT. gamomdinare aqedan ezani aris muslimebis erTianobis, erTad cxovrebisa da erTsulovnebis mowodeba. islamis istoriaSi mravlad aris momentebi, roca es faqti gamarTlda.

ebud derba ixsenebs, Tu rogori darigeba misca Suamavalma erT soflel kacs: „Tu sofelSi sami saxli mainc dgas, ezani unda iyos da iq mcxovrebma adamianebma erTad unda ilocon, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi eSmaki moerevaT. Sen Sen unda iyo da namazi xalxTan erTad iloce. faras CamoSorebuli mglis kerZi gaxdeba“ . (ebu davud, salaT, 46)

ezani islamis niSani da muslimuri rwmenisken mowodebaa. ezani adasturebs, rom erTaderTi Zala da avtoriteti RmerTs ekuTvnis da islami erTRmerTianobis ubadlo magaliTia. ezani xuTi drois namazis, aseve jumisa da bairamis namazebis dros meCeTSi wasvlaa.

ezani erTad Sesrulebuli RvTismsaxurebis dasawyisia. eznis yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli mlocvelebis namazisken mowodebaa, magram mas agreTve sxva rolic gaaCnia. ezniT dasturdeba, rom konkretul adgilas muslimTa sacxovrebelia. ezani Tavisuflebis simboloa, muslimebisTvis gankuTvnili Tavisuflebis simbolo. Suamavlis megobarTagan enesi gadmogvcems: „rodesac romelime xalxis winaaRmdeg salaSqrod wavidodiT, Suamavali maSinve brZolas ar iwyebda, jer dilamde daelodeboda da Tu ezans gaigonebda, im xalxis winaaRmdeg oms aRar iwyebda.“ (muslim, salaT 9)

enesi sityvas ase agrZelebs: „heiberSi wavediT. iq RameSi mivaRwieT. gaTenda, magram eznis xma ver gavigoneT. Suamavali cxenze amxedrda. xalxi xelSi kalaTebiT gamovida. maT uecrad dainaxes Suamavali da muhammedi da misi jari mosulano, daiwyes yvirili. Suamavalma ki brZana, rom heiberi daingreoda da wyvdiadi Camowveboda gafrTxilebuli xalxis gandiadisa.“

ezani morwmuneTa Zalaa, romelic mters Tavzars scems. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Suamavali brZolamde yovelTvis mSvidobian gzebs cdida xolme. ezani da misi sityvebi rwmenisken mowodebis erT-erTi gza iyo. mokled, ezani mTeli kacobriobisaTvis mSvidobisa da Semwynareblobis simboloa.

Suamavali ezans, rogorc religiur simbolos, ise ganixilavda. Suamavali brZanebda, rom axaldabadebul bavSvs yurTan ezani unda wavukiTxoT. Suamavalma Tavis SviliSvils, hasans Tavad waukiTxa ezani. ezani adamianis cxovrebis mudmivi Tanamgzavria. adamiani dabadebisTanave ecnoba ezans da sikvdilamde esmis. ezani akvnidan saflavamde mudmivad adamianis Tanamgzavria.

eznis kiTxvisas irgvliv yvelaferi sulierebis naTeliT sxivosndeba. mTebi, qvebi, frinvelebi, yvelaferi RmerTis gandidebas iwyeben. roca yvelaferi, sulieri da usulo samyaro eznis xmas ugdebs yurs, bunebrivia adamiani misgan gulgrili ver darCeba. Suamavali brZanebda: „adamiani, romelic ezans gaigonebs da ityvis: am unaklo mowodebisa da salocavi namazis gamCeno RmerTo, uwyalobe muhammeds upiratesoba da samoTxis gamorCeuli adgili, „mayami maxmud“, gankiTxvis dRes me im adamians SeRavaTs gavuwev“. (buhari, ezan 8)

yurani RmerTis xsenebiT iwyeba, namazi ki -ezniT. axaldabadebuli bavSvis yurTan eznis wakiTxva misi cxovrebis RmerTis saxelis xsenebiT dawyebas niSnavs.

ramadanis TveSi marxvis dasrulebis momlodine morwmuneebi minareTebs usmenen, raTa iqidan eznis xma gaigonon. ezani marxvis Sewyvetis gasaRebi da marxvis beWedia. ezani xvavi da baraqaa, xelaxla gacocxlebaa. ezani esTeTikuri TvalsazrisiTac uzadoa. is nairferadi ornamentebiT damSvenebuli meCeTebidan adamianTa gulebisken ikvlevs gzas. is didi istoriuli warsulidan modis, didi civilizaciis ambebs itevs da dafaruli samyarodan saidumloebebs gvimxels.

Cveni saerTo guli - meCeTebi

doq. iaSar iRiT

dedamiwis yvela mxareSi arsebobs salocavebi, romlebic sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis mimdevarTa mxridan wminda adgilebad miiCneva. dRes, qalaqebSic da soflebSic arsebobs salocavebi, romlebic iq mcxovrebTa rwmenis gamoxatulebis aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens. salocavebis Senebis tradicia da misi warsuli dedamiwaze movlenil pirvel adamianamde midis. garda amisa, yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom dedamiwaze agebuli pirveli salocavi qaabaa. qaabas pirvel amgebad Suamavali adami iTvleba, amdenad dedamiwaze pirveli salocavis ageba dedamiwaze movlenil pirvel adamians, Suamaval adams ukavSirdeba. warmogidgenT aiaTs:

„ueWvelad, samyarosadmi baraqad da WeSmarit gzaze dasadgineblad upirvelesi saxli (samlocvelo) swored, rom beqaSi (meqaSi), iqna aRmarTuli xalxTaTvis.

iqaa cxadi saswaulebi , sadgomi ibrahimis. da iq vinc Seva, daculia . allahi avaldebulebs adamians, visac Zala Seswevs, gaemgzavros da moinaxulos es saxli. da vinc uaryo , ueWvelad, allahi mdidaria samyaroebsa zeda. (ali imran 96-97)

aiaTis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare mivdivarT daskvnamde, rom salocavebi aris gansakuTrebuli adgilebi, sadac rwmenis saWiroebisamebr unda mivideT, radgan isinia siyvarulisa da gadarCenis adgilebi. garda amisa, meCeTebSi arsebuli interieri, mihrabi, minberi da sxva, yovelgvari uaryofiTis, codvisa da amboxis winaaRmdeg mimarTul, jansaR damokidebulebas gamoxatavs. aiaTSi ibrahimis sadgomia naxsenebi. Cven viciT, rom Suamavali ibrahimi erTRmerTianobis mqadagebeli, gamorCeuli Suamavalia. misi gamorCeuli Tvisebebidan mTavari RvTisadmi erTguleba, mindoba da urwmunoebis winaaRmdeg Seurigebeli brZola iyo.

salocavebis tradicia kacobriobis istoriaSi civilizaciisa da ganviTarebis maCvenebelia da is, aseve warmoadgens indentificirebis saSualebas. amitomaa, rom odiTganve yvela religia TavisTvis damaxasiaTebel, gansxvavebul salocavebs aSenebda. garda amisa salocavebis tradicia ZiriTadad ainc adamianTa rwmenas eyrdnoba. zogadad, sarwmunoeba aris RvTiur gzavnilTa erToblioba, romelic adamianTa amqveyniur da imqveyniur bednierebas isaxavs miznad. Tu davakvirdebiT kacobriobis ganviTarebaSi religias didi wvlili miuZRvis. sarwmunoebis mizani bedniereba moutanos adamians rogorc amqveynad, ise saiqioSi, ramodenime centrze gadis da amaTgan erT-erTi swored, rom salocavia. islamur sazogadoebaSi SeimCneoda ganaSenianebis gansxvavebuli tendencia, romlis mixedviTac qalaqis Tu dasaxlebuli punqtis centrSi meCeTi iyo, xolo mis mimdebared xdeboda intensiuri ganaSenianeba. amasTanave meCeTebs aSenebdnen saxelmwifo mmarTvelebi da sxva liderebi. Tu davakvirdebiT didi meCeTebis umravlesoba istoriuli pirovnebebis mieraa agebuli. yovel qalaqSi cxovreba meCeTis irgvliv farTovdeboda. iqve akeTebdnen bazrobebs, abanoebs, sxva savaWro obieqtebs, biblioTekas da sxva.

osmalur arqiteqturaSi dominirebda stili, romlis mixedviTac meCeTTan ganTavsebuli iyo medrese da abano. es sakmaod yuradsaRebi da mniSvnelovani faqtia. es ar iyo rigiTi arCevani an rigiTi proeqti. am yvelafers Tan axlda rogorc istoriuli foni, ise kulturuli safuZvelic.

abanos popularoba imis dasturia, rom islami sisufTaves did mniSvnelobas aniWebs.

medreseebi ki swavla-ganaTlebaze miniWebuli mniSvnelobis maCvenebelia.

salocavi ki rwmenasa da RvTismsaurebaze miniWebuli mniSvnelobis gamomxatvelia. islamSi sisufTave, ganaTleba da RvTismsaxureba is ZiriTadi principebia, razec Cveni sarwmunoebis ZiriTadi mizani gadis. bunebrivia aq mxolod fizikurad sisufTaveze ar aris mTavari orientiri. fizikurTan erTad sulieri sisufTave udides mniSvnelobas atarebs. WeSmariti codna, RvTismsaxureba, rwmena da Tayvaniscema mxolod da mxolod fizikurad da sulierad sufTa adaminebSi daidebs binas da ganviTardeba. sadac sulieri da gonebrivi TvalsazrisiT Seusabamo garemoa iq adamianuri zneoba ver ganviTardeba. RmerTi brZanebs:

„hei, adamis Svilno! aiReT Tqveni morTuloba yovel salocavTan, WameT da sviT, da ar gadaxvideT zRvars, ueWvelad, mas ar uyvars zRvargadasulni.“ (araf 31)

oqro, fuli, Tanamdeboba da sxva amqveyniuri Rirebulebebi araferia WeSmarit RirebulebebTan, rasac zneobrivi silamaze hqvia. RvTis winaSe yvelaze upiratesi yvelaze metad RvTismoSiSia.

„hei, adamianno! ueWvelad, erTi mamridan da erTi mdedridan gagaCineT Tqven da rom SeicnoT erTmaneTi, dagadgineT erebad da tomebad. ueWvelad, Tqvengan yvelaze pativdebuli allahis winaSe TqvenSi yvelaze ufro RvTismoSiSia. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismcodnea, yvelafrismcodnea!“ (hujuraT 13)

meCeTebi RmerTis saxlebia da isini, rogorc wesi, qaabas filialebs warmoadgenen. morwmunis mier salocavSi misvla da amvdroulad fizikurad sulierad ganwmendili yofna ukiduresad did mniSvnelobas atarebs. morwmune aseve sufTa unda daubrundes sazogadoebas.

qaaba erTi RmerTis rwmenis Zeglia. Cven erT RmerTs mivekedlebiT. qaabas irgvliv tavafis dros RmerTisken miviswrafviT. Cveni miswrafeba WeSmaritebis, siyvaruliskenaa. iq yofnisas xan erTgulebisa da morwmuneobis magaliTi ibrahimi vxdebiT, xan kidev mindobis magaliTi ismaili. xan kidev SvilisTvis wylis maZiebeli hajeri vxdebiT. asea, „beiTullah“-is filialebad wodebuli meCeTebi igive SegrZnebas unda gvitovebdes. Cvens epoqaSi sulieri da gonebrivi ganviTareba, am yvelafris adamianuri cxovrebis ZiriTad principad qceva, rogorc pirovnuli, ise sazogadoebrivi TvalsazrisiT did saWiroebas warmoadgens. materialur keTildReobaze orientirebuli adamianebis momravleba kacobriobisTvis seriozuli safrTxea. Cven yvelani xSirad mowmeni vxdebiT imisa, Tu rogor marcxdeba kacobrioba materialuri Rirebulebebis winaSe. yoveldRiurad matulobs avtosagzao SemTxvevebi, adamianebi sxvis jibeSi, saxlebSi, safuleebSi miZvrebian, sxvisi sakuTrebis miTvisebis gamo warmoudgenel riskebs sweven. es da msgavsi SemTxvevebi cxadyofs Tu raoden bevri ram dakarga kacobriobam.

meCeTebi qalaqebis, soflebis da iq mcxovrebi adamianebis vinaobas warmoadgens. cad awvdili minareTebi qalaqebsa Tu soflebs sul sxva esteTiur silamazes sZens. Suamavali rogorc ki medinaSi Cavida qubasa da medinaSi meCeTebi aagebina. minareTebidan wamosuli eznis xma irgvliv yvelafers da adamianebsac axsenebs, rom RmerTi erTaderTia, diadia da muhammedi misi elCia dedamiwaze. es ar aris ubralo, martivi Zaxili. iqneb Cven ver vgrZnobT am wyalobas. Tumca Cven viciT, rom samSoblodan wasul adamianebs rogor enatrebaT eznis xma. im qveynebSi, sadac eznis xma wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar ismoda da es akrZaluli iyo, wlebis Semdeg isev gaisma da iq mcxovrebi adamianebis gancdebi moTxrobilia mravalgzis. is kacobriobisTvis mimarTvaa, mowodebaa. bilali habeSis mier Soreul warsulSi warmoTqmuli es sityvebi jer kidev Cvens minareTebidan ismis.

ezani aris mowodeba, romelic sakuTar Tavs gvapovninebs da gagvacnobs. lamazad warmoTqmuli ezani, morwmune iqneba Tu ara, yvela adamianze moqmedebs.

meCeTebi swavlis, codnis, aRzrdisa da mecnierebis skolaa. meCeTebi yvela Tavisi atributiT saswavlebels warmoadgenen. Cven meCeTebSi vswavlobT religias, rwmenas, wesierebas, mokrZalebas, siyvarulsa da pativiscemas. es wminda adgilebi RmerTTan Sexvedris, sulier atmosferoze wvdomis saxlebia. yvelam rom migvatovos, Cven is migviRebs, Segvifarebs da dagvexmareba.

meCeTebi CvenTvis makro samyaroa. meCeTSi RmerTis saxelis xsenebiT, marjvena fexs SevdgamT da RmerTs vevedrebiT: RmerTo, sikeTis, wyalobisa da baraqis karebi gagviRe. es nabiji, rogorc wesi sikeTisken gadadgmuli nabijia. es aris yuranis, rwmenisa da gamCenisken gadadgmuli nabiji. iq yofnis dros cudi sityva ar dagvcdeba. iq sulierebis amaRlebas vgrZnobT. iq aravis vawyeninebT da vcdilobT RmerTs guli gadavuSaloT.

meCeTis interieric saTiTaod gzavnils gvawvdis.

mesjidi, es aris amaRleba.

meCeTi Semkrebia. aq vikribebiT fizikurad, sulierad, vedrebiTa da RvTismsaxurebiT.

mihrabi sityva „harb“-idan momdinareobs da es aris adgili, sadac yovegvar ukeTurobasTan brZola mimdinareobs.

minberi ki semantikuri kuTxiT codnis naTeliT Semosvis adgilia.

rodesac mlocvelebi mwkrivebad dadgebian ufrosi, umcrosi, mdidari, Raribi, mmarTveli Tu muSa yvelani Tanasworni arian. yvelani erT mwkrivad, diadi gamCenis winaSe dgebian, ixrebian da Zirs emxobian. fexze dgoma morwmuneTa simarTles, Rirseul dgomas gamoxatavs. moxra da sejde ki RmerTis winaSe morwCilebis da Tayvaniscemis gamomxatvelia. mlocvelTa mxridan es yvelaferi erTdroulad xdeba. amgvari erTiani moqmedebebi sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT ganxilvad Rirs. erTad moqmedebis mniSvneloba, erTianoba, sazogadoebisgan gancalkevebis uaryofa, sazogadoebis fexis xmaze ayola da yvelas Tanasworoba is mniSvnelovani gzavnilebia, rasac erTad locva am mimarTulebiT gvTavazobs.

yoveldRiurobisgan Tavmobezrebuli da amqveyniuri cxovrebisgan motyuebuli adamianebi, cota xniTac rom iyos Sordebian garesamyaros da RmerTis saxlad wodebul meCeTebSi, RmerTis winaSe wardgomis saSualebas pouloben. iq yvela RmerTs evedreba.dardianebi Svebas iTxoven, gaWirvebulebi valebis gadaxdas, avadmyofebi janmrTelobas da a.S. Semdeg yvelani erTad „amin“ warmoTqvamen. dabadebulebi iq xvdebian erTmaneTs da gardacvlilebs iqidan amgzavreben. meCeTi adamianebis saerTo gulia da Tu am gulSi sicocxle sufevs, maSin adamianebic da sazogadoebac cocxalia.

meCeTebi is adgilebia, sadac gulgatexili adamianebi Svebas pouloben. meCeTis kari yvelasaTvis Riaa, miuxedavad erovnebisa, eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa, politikuri Sexedulebisa Tu sxva msgavsi faqtorebisa. es aris adgili, sadac garda fizikurad erTad yofnisa, adamianebi sulier erTianobasac qmnian. RvTisadmi siyvaruli misi gaCenilebis mimarTac unda gagvaCndes.

qaaba

nejmeTTin Sahinleri

qaaba msoflioSi cnobilia rogorc „allahis saxli“ da yovelwliurad mis mosalocad mravali momlocveli Cadis. es aris yovelgvari materialuris mitovebisa da sulierebis wina planze wamowevis adgili. is Sav mosasxamSia gaxveuli da TeTr tanisamosSi gamoxveul momlocvelebs andamativiT izidavs. misi mimzidvelobis gavlenis qveS myofi momlocvelebi mis irgvliv trialeben. es aris wminda adgili, sadac momlocvelebis umravlesoba erTmaneTs xvdeba. dedamiwis yoveli kuTxidan swored aq modian momlocvelebi. momlocvelebi „lebbeiq“ ZaxiliT, sinaTlis irgvliv mofarfate peplebis msgavsad, mis irgvliv trialeben. rogorc dRis naTeli inTqmeba Ramis wyvdiadSi, momlocvelTa qaTqaTa ferebic ise ereva siSaves.

qaabasken miswrafeba RmerTisken swrafvas niSnavs. erTi RmerTis rwmenisaTvis agebul salocavSi RmerTis sidiades guliT, gonebiT, mTeli grZnobiT grZnob. TiTqos magnitur velSi moxvedrili rkinis namceci xar. TiTqos cisken gafrenili milionobiT TeTr frinvelTagan erT-erTi xar. mxolod RmerTs xedav. mxolod is aris. mis garda yvelaferi moCvenebiTia. adamians adamianad suli aqcevs, romelic RmerTma STabera. es suli sxeulisa da cdunebebis fardis miRmaa momwyvdeuli. qaabas irgvliv tavafisas, TiToeul wreze am tyveobis TiTo farda ixsneba, sulis SemboWavi sibnele ifanteba da suli Tavisufldeba. aTasobiT adamians Soris qaabas irgvliv trialisas adamiani grZnobs rom mxolod erTi wveTia zRvaSi da WeSmaritebis bednierebas Caswvdeba.

qaaba kubis formis Senobaa. misi eqvsi „zedapiri“ eqvsive mxares moicavs da usasrulobas gamoxatavs. Savad Semosiloba ki imis niSania, rom yvela da yvelaferi, adre Tu gvian ukanve dabrundeba „farul samyaroSi“.

„yuranis mixedviT qaaba pirveli salocavia, romelic dedamiwaze erTi RmerTis rwmenis sadideblad aSenda. „ueWvelad, samyarosadmi baraqad da WeSmarit gzaze dasadgineblad upirvelesi saxli (samlocvelo) swored, rom beqaSi (meqaSi), iqna aRmarTuli xalxTaTvis.“ (ali imran 96)

es salocavi cxad niSan-Tvisebebs flobs da masSi Sesuli yoveli momlocveli simSvides hpovebs.

„iqaa cxadi saswaulebi , sadgomi ibrahimis. da iq vinc Seva, daculia . allahi avaldebulebs adamians, visac Zala Seswevs, gaemgzavros da moinaxulos es saxli. da vinc uaryo , ueWvelad, allahi mdidaria samyaroebsa zeda. (ali imran 97)

qaabas saZirkveli Suamavalma ibrahimma da misma vaJma hz. ismailma aamaRles, xolo salocavis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg xalxis erTi RmerTis rwmenisaken mowodebisa da qaabaSi salocavad mowvevis valdebulebac maT xvdaT wilad.

„da roca ibrahimi amaRlebda saxlis saZirkvels ismailTan erTad, (evedrebodnen): RmerTo Cveno! miiRe Cvengan, rameTu Sen xar, ueWvelad, yovlismsmeni, yovlismcodne!“ (baqara 127)

qaaba abraamma aago, magram is iyo pirveli salocavi, romelic RmerTis gansadideblad aigo, amitom mas „beiTullah“ anu allahis saxli ewoda. garda amisa, yuranSi qaaba ori sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTaa naxsenebi. erTi „beiTul haram“ anu silamazis saxli da „beiTul aTiq“ anu Tavisuflebis saxli.

erTxel Suamavalma megobrebs qaaba aCvena da uTxra, rom is wminda saxli iyo da pativiscemas imsaxurebda, xolo Tqveni Rirseba, saTnoeba da fasi upiratesiao. Suamavlis es sityvebi imas niSnavda, rom namdvili qaaba adamianis gulia. mevlana ase ambobs:

„qaaba halilis mier agebuli Senobaa, xolo namdvili qaaba adamianis guli ki RmerTis saxli“.

qaabas moloca anu hajis Sesruleba savaldebulo RvTismsaxurebaa da morwmune Tu Sesabamis pirobebs akmayofilebs valdebulia qaaba moilocos. am WeSmaritebas vinc uaryofs da ugulebelyofs unda icodes, rom „...da vinc uaryo , ueWvelad, allahi mdidaria samyaroebsa zeda. (ali imran 97)

hajis simboluri mniSvneloba

prof. doq. buniamin erul

yovel religias misTvis maxasiaTebeli rwmena, Rirebulebebi, terminebi da simboloebi gaaCnia. RmerTi yuranSi safa da merves Sesaxeb brZanebs:

„ueWvelad, safa da merve allahis dadgenili niSanTagania; da vinc hajoba aRasrulos am saxlSi, an umra Seasrulos, codvad ar CaeTvleba Tu gars Semouvlis orives; da vinc Tavisi surviliT sikeTes iqms, allahi, ueWvelad, madlieria, yovlisSemZlea!“ (baqara 158) aseve ix. maide 110, haj 30, 32, 36.

wminda teqstis kiTxvisas Cans, rom iq mravali Sedareba, miniSneba da simboluri ganmartebebia. asevea religiis praqtikul nawilSic, sadac mravali simbolo, da warsulTan dakavSirebuli ritualebia damkvidrebuli. magaliTad hajis dros momlocvelebi qaabas gverdiT mdebare or mokrZalebul goraks Soris simbolur ritualebs asruleben. garda amisa, haji iseTi tipis RvTismsaxurebaa, sadac simboluri ritualebi uxvadaa, amitom hajis mniSvnelobis gasagebad da mis SinaarsS Casawvdomad am ritualebis Sesruleba aucilebelia.

haji erTi SexedviT simboluri ritualebis gaxsebaa, Tumca, sinamdvileSi masSi aris mravali erTimeorisgan gansxvavebuli moqmedeba, romlebic sulis wrTvnas uwyobs xels. hajis procesi simboloebis rukaa da am simboloebis mniSvnelobebis codna aucilebelia. haji Tavidan bolomde simboloebiT datvirTuli RvTismsaxurebaa. tavafi, sai, satanis Caqolva, arafatze dgoma da sxva, yvela simboluri RvTismsaxurebaa.

haji sulis RmerTisken swrafvas ganasaxierebs, amitom mizani ara qaaba, aramed usasrulobasa da sulier atmosferoSi gardasvlaa. garegnulad Tu SevxedavT hajis dros Sesrulebuli yoveli rituali simbolur datvirTvas atarebs, magram yovel ritualSi aris konkretuli mizani da mniSvneloba Cadebuli da aseve yvel rituals aRmzrdelobiTi da gamaTviTcnobierebeli mimarTuleba gaaCnia. hajis dros mis mniSvnelobasa da codnas vinc Caswvdeba, hajis sibrZnes eziarebian da warsulis Secdomebisa da codvebisagan gaTavisuflebulni, cxovrebas axali sicocxliTa da SemarTebiT ubrundebian. haji momlocvelebis cnobierebaSi xangrZliv efeqts moaxdens da adamianebs daexmareba Seicnon sakuTari Tavi.

hajis ritualebSi SesamCnevia ritualebis Svidjer gameoreba. isev safasa da merves gorakebs Soris Svidjer mimosvla gavixsenoT, aseve eSmakze Svidi qvis srola, qaabaze Svidi wris Semovla. RmerTis kmayofilebis mosapoveblad ufro meti tavafi unda SevasruloT. safasa da merves gorakebs Soris manZils Svidjer sirbiliT davfaravT, magram Cveni Svilebis sicocxlis, maTi rwmenisa da sulierebis amaRlebisaTvis mTeli cxovreba sirbili da mcdelobaa saWiro,

hajis procesSi gansakuTrebul mRelvarebas iwvevs warsulSi, anu Suamaval abraamisa da Suamaval muhammedis droSi „dabruneba“. garda amisa es aris aq miRebuli codniTa da sulieri mdgomareobiT momavlisken imediani svla.

hajis Sesasruleblad mosuli momlocvelebi aq mosvlamde toveben maTi socialuri da ekonomikuri statusis maCvenebel yovelgvar atributs, rogoricaa Tanamdeboba, wodeba, interesebi, tanisamosi, forma, Cin-medlebi, samkaulebi, makiaJi da sxva. yvela isini ori sada naWriT imosebian da amiT aCveneben, rom RmerTis winaSe yvelani Tanasworni arian. Sesabamisad ihramSi Sesvla, upirveles yovlisa, qonebis, wodebis, mdgomareobis, yovelgvari amqveyniuri upiratesosbebis mitovebas da ugulebelyofas da am wminda adgilze yvelas Tanasworad warmoCenas niSnavs. aq aravis aqvs rame ganmasxvavebeli, sxvaze upiratesobis mopovebis gamomxatveli raime materialuri nivTi. amqveyniuri samosi gaxdilia, mxolod adamianis pirovnebaa warmodgenili.

hajis dros adamianebi simbolurad sudaraSi exvevian da RmerTis winaSe warsdgebian. es aris simboluri gankiTxvis dRe. dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxidan camosuli momlocvelebi, yvelani TeTr sudaraSi gaxveulebi, TiTqos sikvdilsa da mis Semdgom yofas ganasaxiereben. ihramiT sikvdils igemeben, arafatze isev aRsdgebian da ganikiTxebian. Semdeg aseTi sulieri mdgomareobiT allahis winaSe warsdgebian. isini cdiloben sikvdilamde gaigon sikvdili da igrZnon sulieri gacocxleba.

hajerul esvedze (cnobili Savi qva) misalmeba RmerTze micemuli pirobis ganaxlebas niSnavs. jer kidev sulebis samyaroSi RmerTze micemuli pirobis praqtikuli dadasturebaa. hajerul esvedze misalmeba am ficis ganaxlebis da misdami ergulad darCenis simboloa.

safasa da merves gorakebs Soris mimosvla simboluri Zebnaa. es aris Zebna, rogorc hajeri eZebda macocxlebel wyals, raTa mcxunvare mzis qveS uwylod darCenili Svili gadaerCina. iq myofi momlocveli hajeris rols TamaSobs. momlocveli Svidjer, am ritualis mniSvnelobis SegrZnebiT, mTeli suliTa da guliT eZebs samSobloSi datovebuli SvilebisTvis macocxlebel wyals. hajeris Zebnis Sedegad angelozma jebrailma wyali moavlina da ismaili gadarCa. swored ase unda gadavarCinoT Cveni STamomavloba zeciT movlenili wminda wyliT, yuraniT. amgvari fiqriTa da rwmeniT gakeTebuli „sai“ Tavis ZiriTad mizans miaRwevs. am ritualisTvis gorakebs Soris Svidjer garbenaa sakmarisi, magram sinamdvileSi STamomavlobis gadasarCenad gzebis Ziebas Svidi, samocdaaTi, Svidasi da meti gadarbena sWirdeba.

arafatze mdgomi muslimi sxvebTan erTad, erT formaSi gamowyobili, amqveyniuris mitovebasa da gankiTxvis molodinSi dgomas simbolurad ganasaxierebs. is grZnobs pasuxismgeblobas da gankiTxvis mniSvnelobas. is grZnobs RmerTis winaSe wardgomis mniSvnelobas, yovelgvari amqveyniuri simdidris amaoebas da RvTismoSiSobis upiratesobas.

rogorc Suamavali brZanebda, haji, es arafatia. es aris sikvdilis Semdgomi gacocxleba, gankiTxvis dRes udidesi samsjavros winaSe wardgomamdeli lodini, sikvdilamde sikvdili, gankiTxvamde sakuTari Tavis gankiTxva.

arafatis mniSvnelobas vinc Caswvdeba did codnas miiRebs. araftia is adgili, sadac adamianebs sakuTari Tavis povna SeuZliaT.

„vaqfe“ dgomas, lodins niSnavs. arafatze dgoma erTis mxriv dedamiwaze fexis dadgmas, xolo meores mxriv gankiTxvis dRes RmerTis winaSe wardgomas gvaxsenebs. dgoma xangrZlivia. dilidan saRamomde, mRelvarebiT, SiSiTa da imediT dgoma. es dgoma rwmeniTa da imediT gajerebuli, mizanmimarTuli lodinia. es aris Rirseuli dgoma, romlis drosac mTeli muslimebis erTianoba da Tanasworobaa warmoCenili.

eSmakze qvebis srola simbolurad satanis gandevnas isaxavs miznad. Suamaval abraams eSmaki gamoecxada da satana masa da RmerTs Soris Cadgomas cdilobda. Suamavalma qvebis sroliT gandevna is. eSmakze qvebis srola aseve eSmakTan brZolas, mis mier SemoTavazebuli cdunebebisgan Tavis daRwevas gulisxmobs. gasrolili yoveli qva eSmakis, cdunebebis da Secdomebis winaaRmdeg unda iyos mimarTuli. am dros unda vifiqroT yvelaferze, rac morwmuneobas, RvTismsaxurebasa da Rirseulad cxovrebas xels uSlis.

hajze yofnisas momlocveli msxverpls swiravs. msxverplis Sewirva erTis mxriv madlierebis gamoxatvaa, imis gamo, rom momlocvelma esoden mniSvnelovani RvTismsaxurebis, hajis Sesruleba SeZlo, xolo meores mxriv es aris eSmakze gamarjvebis aRniSvna.

rogorc ramadanis dasrulebas morwmuneebi bairamiT aRniSnaven, ise hajis dasrulebisasac msxverpli iwireba da bairami imarTeba. mokled, momlocveli arafatze codnas eufleba, minaSi siyvaruls, jemeraTSi imarjvebs da msxverplis SewirviT RvTisadmi Tayvaniscemasa da madlierebas gamoxatavs.

gamosamSvidobebeli tavafis dros momlocveli RmerTis winaSe ficis ganaxlebisa da am ficis erTgulad darCenis gadawyvetilebiT qaabas emSvidobeba. morwmunem ukve eSmaki daamarcxa, sakuTari sulieri mdgomareoba aamaRla, rwmena da fici ganaaxla, yovelgvari cudi da negatiurisgan ganiwminda da ase guldamSvidebuli da codvebisgan Semsubuqebuli emSvidobeba qaabas. is ukve ganwmendili, sulierad amaRlebuli, siyvaruliTa da RvTismoSiSobiT aRvsili, sufTa guliT emSvidobeba qaabas. momlocvels cremli ereva da xelaxla xilvis imediT gulaCuyebuli emSvidobeba qaabas.

saboloo jamSi amgvari rwmeniTa da codniT Sesrulebuli haji ganaxleba da cvlilebaa. adamiani TiTqos buranidan erkveva da mkvdari suli xelaxla sicocxles hpovebs. hajis Semdeg morwmune ufro meti yuradRebiT akvirdeba cxovrebis gzaze dadgmul „sagzao gamafrTxilebel niSnebs“ da ase gaagrZelebs gzas.

yvelaze didi Sexvedra

doq. eqrem qeleS

arafatze dgoma yvelaze didi Sexvedraa. milionobiT muslimi aq ikribeba, RmerTs axsenebs da mis winaSe vedrebas aRavlens. meores mxriv es aris Suamavlis mier gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi gadmocemuli principebisa da Rirebulebebis irgvliv Sekreba. Suamaval adamidan dawyebuli Suamaval muhammediT damTavrebuli yvela Suamavlis mier motanili Rirebulebebis irgvliv Sekrebili momlocvelebi yvela morwmunis saxeliT dgebian iq.

momlocvelebis aq dgoma Suamavlis mier gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi warmodgenili principebis mimarT erTgulebis dadastureba da amis Riad gacxadebaa.

islamuri cnobebis mixedviT samoTxidan gamoZevebuli adami da eva swored aq Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, arafatze. maTi sinanuli RmerTma Seismina da isini aq Seaxvedra. kacobriobis mama da deda aq iqnen Sewyalebulni da erTmaneTi ipoves, amitom arafati da iq dgoma morwmuneTaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. garda amisa, arafati Suamaval abraamisa da misi Svilis ismailis saxelTan da moRvaweobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki isaa, rom swored aq, arafatze, Suamaval muhammedis mier gamosamSvidobebeli qadageba iqna wakiTxuli.

gamosamSvidobebeli qadagebisas arafatze SuamavalTan erTad as oci aTasi muslimi idga. isini Suamaval muhammeds usmendnen da mis mier gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi gadmocemuli Rirebulebebi gaiziares. rodesac Suamavalma hkiTxa maT, RvTiT boZebuli sarwmunoeba gadmogeciT Tu arao, yvelam daudastura, diax, gadmogvecio. amis Semdeg iq myofma morwmuneebma am Rirebulebebis gavrceleba mTel msoflioSi daiwyes.

Suamavlis gamosamSvidobebeli qadageba ToTxmeti wlis winaT iyo da dRes is cnobilia, rogorc „adamianis uflebebis manifesti“. am qadagebaSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis mimarTulebiT uprecendento gzavnilebi iyo. am qadagebiT aikrZala iseTi cudi qmedebebi, romlebic sazogadoebriv cxovrebas safuZvlianad Zirs uTxrida. aikrZala mevaxSeoba, SurisZieba, mibarebuli amanaTis miTviseba da sxva. am qadagebaSi naTlad da kategoriulad gacxadda simarTlisa da samarTlinobis principebi, rac sazogadoebrivi wesrigis safuZvels warmoadgens.

aikrZala amboxi da urTierTdapirispireba. adamianTa suli, qoneba, goneba, STamomavloba, namusi da Rirseba xelSeuxeblad gamocxadda. garda amisa, adamianTa ZiriTadi uflebebi, maT Soris rwmenis Tavisuflebac iq mdgomebs ecnobaT, raTa Semdeg kacobriobisaTvis ecnobebinaT.

mas Semdeg yovel wels, rogorc maSin, arafatze isev modian morwmuneni, raTa Suamavlis mier gacxadebuli Rirebulebebi isev moisminon da mere mTel kacobriobas gadascen.

arafatze dgoma swored am Rirebulebebis garSemo dgomas niSnavs. aq dgoma aris am Rirebulebebis erTguleba da darCenili cxovrebis ise gatareba, rom am Rirebulebebis dacvasa da gavrcelebaze vizrunoT. aq modian dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxidan. gansxvavebuli erovnebis, kanis feris, gansxvavebuli statusisa da mdgomareobis adamianebi, magram maT aerTianebT saerTo rwmena da Rirebulebebi. isini aqedan muzdelifSi midian. es aris didi da mniSvnelovani gadaadgileba, radgan Tvisobrivad arafatze miRebuli Rirebulebebis kacobriobisTvis gadacemas gulisxmobs. es aris gza, romlis gavlac simbolurad aRniSnuli Rirebulebebis adamianebTan mitanas niSnavs.

RmerTi gaanaTebs im adamianTa saxeebs, romlebic TavianT codnas sxvebsac gauziareben da adamianebSi rwmenis gaRrmavebas Seecdebian. rogorc wyali ar dakargavs gzas da bolos mainc idens, ise es masa aucileblad waiRebs am Rirebulebebs da adamianebamde miitans.

am mogzaurobisas momlocvelebma ar unda daiviwyon RmerTis mier dadgenili normebi. yoveli nabiji da gancda am normebis Sesabamisi unda iyos. bayaras suras 198-e aiaTSi RmerTi brZanebs: „codva ar geqnebaT, Tu eZiebT sargebels Tqveni RmerTisgan. da roca daiZvrebiT arafatidan , axseneT allahi meSReri haramTan (quzahis mTasTan). da gaixseneT igi, rogor dagadgina WeSmarit gzas, Tumca ki adre gzasamcdarni iyaviT Tqven.“

muzdelifisken mimavali momlocvelebi gzad eSmaks simbolurad qvebs esvrian. es niSnavs, rom am Rirebulebebis tarebisas SesaZlo winaaRmdegobebis dasaZlevad isini mzad arian.

momlocvelebi mogvianebiT qaabasTan midian da tavafs akeTeben. momlocvelebi qaabas irgvliv trialeben da es niSnavs, rom isini mzad arian yvelaferi mas Seswiron. qaabas irgvliv triali aseve gulisxmobs im Rirebulebebis erTgulebasa da ganxorcielebas, rac arafatze miiRes. „hajerul esved“-ze misalmebiT ki momlocvelebi kidev erTxel adastureben fics, rom am Rirebulebebis erTgulni iqnebian.

am didi Sexvedris, am didi erTianobis, aq miRebuli codnisa da Rirebulebebis mudmivad dacva da sxva adamianebisTvis gadacema ukiduresad mniSvnelovania. kacobriobas ise sWirdeba es Rirebulebebi, rogorc udabnoSi dakargul, wyurvilisgan tuCebdaxeTqil adamians wyali.

msxverpli

doq. ulfet gorgulu

„uTxari: ueWvelad, Cemi locva da Sesawiri Cemi da sicocxle da sikvdili Cemi samyaroTa RmerTis, allahisTvisaa.“ (enam 162)

RmerTma kacobriobis mamad da pirvel adamianad Suamavali adami moavlina. yuranSi aseve cnobilia pirveli msxverplis Sewirvis Sesaxeb, roca adamis orma vaJma saTiTaod Seswira msxvepli. RmerTma erTis Sesawiri miiRo, xolo meoris ki-ara. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„da WeSmaritad, waukiTxe Sen magaT ambavi adamis ori vaJisa . odesRac, msxverpli Sewires orivem da Sewynarebul iqmna erTisagan da ar iqna Sewynarebuli meorisagan, da Tqva man : „me mogklav Sen usaTuod!“ upasuxa : „allahi mxolod RvTismoSiSTagan Seiwynarebs.“ (maide 27)

aseve yuranSi moTxrobilia meore ambavi Rrmadmorwmune da RvTismoSiSi adamianisa, romelsac Svili ar hyavda da dReniadag RmerTs Svilis gaCenas evedreboda. rogorc iqna zecidan sasixarulo ambavi mouvida, magram am ambavs mZime gamocda axlda Tan. es RvTis saCuqari ismaili iyo. zrdasrulobis asaks rom miaRwia mamam uTxra ismails, rom sizmrad naxa misi msxverplad Sewirva. ismailma uyoymanod uTxra mamas, rom unda aResrulebina is, rac ebrZana, TviTon ki momTmenTa da mimndobTa Soris iqneboda. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„swored maSin vaxareT mas Ze morCili.

roca miaRwia masTan erTad seirnobis asaks, uTxra: „Svilo Cemo, ueWvelad, sizmarSi vixile, rom msxverplad gwiravdi. maS, gaiazre, aba ras Wvret?“ miugo: „mamaCemo! hqmen rac gebrZana. me mixilav momTmenTagan Tu iqneba neba allahisa!“ (saffaT 102)

msxverpli abraamis erTguleba iyo.

msxverpli ismailis mindoba iyo.

msxverpli hajerisTvis es orive iyo.

im dRidan moyolebuli msxverplSewirvas islamSi Tavisi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. is, muslimobis mniSvnelovani gamoxatulebaa, rogorc cad awvdili minareTebi da am minareTebidan wamosuli ezani...

msxverplSewirvis dros samsxverple pirutyvis sisxlis gamodineba aucilebelia. Tumca mxolod msxverplis dakvla Sewirvis ZiriTadi miznis misaRwevad ar kmara. am dros abraamis erTguleba, ismailis mindoba da muhaamedis siyvaruli unda wamovwioT wina planze. msxverpli, rogorc mariamis, RmerTze Sewirvaa. msxverpli sulierad maRali adamianebis gamocda iyo. msxverpli saSualebaa imisa, rom msaxuri WeSmarit RvTismoSiSobas eziaros. RmerTs ar sWirdeba msxverplis arc xorci da arc sisxli. msxverpli sulis WeSmariti ganmgeblisadmi miZRvnaa.

msxverplis Sewirva Cveni arsebobis sibrZnes gvaziarebs. is aris saSualeba vifiqroT sicocxlesa da sikvdilze. Sesawiri pirutyvisgan bevri ramis swavla SegviZlia. adamianis cxovreba yoveli CasunTqva-amosunTqvis dros sicocxlisa da sikvdilis zRvarze yofnas niSnavs. Tu adamiani yoveli CasunTqva-amosunTqvisas RmerTTan yofnis gancdas atarebs, is yovel wams diad gamCens msxverplad uZRvnis Tavs.

msxverplis Sewirva siZunwisgan gankurnebis uebari saSualebaa. is Cvens gulSi Semwynareblobisa da qvemoqmedebis survils badebs. is gacemas, gaziarebas gvaswavlis. rodesac Cven ar gvSia, ramdenad gvesmis mSivrebis mdgomareoba? Suamavali brZanebda, Tu mezobels Sia da Tavad maZRars sZinavs, Cveniani ar ariso. es mkacri ganaCeni rom ar Segvexos Sesawiri gviSvelis. rasac gavcemT is mogvergeba da ara is, rasac SevWamT. Sewiruls vunawilebT mezoblebs, megobrebs, Raribebsa da upovarT. gankiTxvis dRes ase Cvenc dagvexmareba Sesawiri. is dagvexmareba, Cveni gulwrfeli RvTismsaxureba, erTguleba, mindoba da gavivliT „bewvis xids.“

Sesawiris meoxebiT sulier ganaxlebas vaxdenT. Sesawiri ar unda iyos koWli, brma, naklovani. sasurvelia janmrTeli pirutyvi SeirCes. ki magram msxverplis Semwirveli rogori unda iyos? nuTu mZime codvebiT damZimebuli, arami lukmiT dabrmavebuli xedviT, codvebiT damZimebuli guliT, codvili xelebiT unda Seswiros? ara! Tumca, Sesawiri codvebisgan ganbanvis Sanss gvaZlevs. Cven unda vecadoT rom es Sansi rigianad movixmaroT. Tu Sesawiri saukeTeso unda iyos, Cvenc vecadoT rom saukeTesoni viyoT.

msxverplis Sewirva siyvarulis gamoxatulebaa. es aris gamCenTan siaxlovis SegrZneba. yuranSi nabrZanebia:

„da vficav, gavaCineT adamiani da vuwyiT ras sCurCulebs mas suli (arsi) misi da Cven masTan ufro axlos varT, vidre aorta!“

yoveli RvTismsaxureba Rirseuli msaxurebisa da saiqio bednierebis mopovebisaTvis saWiro saSualebebia. RvTismsaxurebis mizani diadi RmerTis kmayofilebis mopovebaa. msxverplSewirva kacobriobis istoriaSi SeiZleba iTqvas yvelaze Zveli RvTismsaxurebaa, magram is arasodes Zveldeba. msxverplis fizikuri mxare Sesawiris sisxlis gamodenaa, xolo sulieri mxare Tayvaniscema. RmerTo! migviRe Sens RvTiur sasufevelSi. amin!

„ueWvelad, safa da merve allahis dadgenili niSanTagania; da vinc hajoba aRasrulos am saxlSi, an umra Seasrulos, codvad ar CaeTvleba Tu gars Semouvlis orives; da vinc Tavisi surviliT sikeTes iqms, allahi, ueWvelad, madlieria, yovlisSemZlea!“ (baqara 158)