დიანეთის საქმეთა სამმართველოს გამომცემლობა:1697
ჯიბის წიგნები:413/21

საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

ბეჭდვითი მონიტორინგი
დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
ლოქმან არსლანი

grafika da dizaini
bilal ilkai

გამოცემისთვის მოამზადა
უღურ ალთინთოფი

ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 12.11.2019/119

ISBN: 978-605-7730-86-2
2019-34-Y-0003-1697
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, სტამბოლი 2019

გამოცემა
İleri Basım Matbaacılık A.Ş.
B. Evler Mah. F.Çakmak 2 Cad. Güzelşehir Sit. 22 Villa No: 1 ANP/22 B.Çekmece / İSTANBUL • Tel: +90 212 454 35 10
Sertifika no: 41157

© თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

საკონტაქტო ინფორმაცია
რელიგიური პუბლიკაციების გენერალური სამმართველო
უცხო ენასა და დიალექტებზე საგამომცემლო სამმართველო

Dini Yayınlar Genel Müdürlüğü
Yabancı Dil ve Lehçelerde Yayınlar Daire Başkanlığı
Üniversiteler Mah. Dumlupınar Bulvarı
No:147/A 06800 Çankaya/Ankara/TÜRKİYE
ტელ: +90 312 295 72 81
ფაქსი: +90 312 284 72 88
e-posta: yabancidiller@diyanet.gov.tr

yuranis kultura anatoliaSi

თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

yuranis kvali
Cveni kulturis samyaroSi

ali aqfinari

eris identobis SenarCunebis erT-erTi faqtori kulturaa.kultura im RirebulebaTa erTobliobaa, romlebic sazogadoebis fesvebsa da ganStoebebs qmnis da eris warsuls momavalTan akavSirebs. amrigad kultura adamianebs warsulTan kavSirs unarCunebs da momavlisTvis amzadebs.

iunus emresa da mevlanas msgavsi msoflio donis moazrovneebis aRzrdaSi islamisa da misi wminda wignis yuranis roli marTlac rom gansakuTrebulia. mevlana ambobda: „sanam sxeulSi suli midgas, me yuranis msaxuri var“.

Turqi, muslimi poetebi Turqul enaze leqsebis werisas citirebis meTods iyenebdnen. es pirdapir mianiSnebs, rom isini ZiriTadad islamur wyaroebs iyenebdnen. naji aRwers, Tu rogor gadmoscems muslimi poeti gulSi momdinar yuranis aiaTebs. magaliTad mehmeT aqifi Tavis erT-erT leqsSi nejmis suras 39-e aiaTis citirebas axdens da iqidan gamomdinare wers.

TiTqmis aTasi welia Cveni eri islamiT cxovrobs da misi medroSis pativi aqvs. Cveni winaprebisgan danatovari kulturis TiTqmis yvela sferoSi am didebuli sarwmunoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli motivebi SeiniSneba. Turquli kulturis TiTqmis nebismier sferos islamis kvali atyvia. saojaxo cxovrebidan dawyebuli gare saqmianobamde, dabadebidan saflavamde yvela sfero islamis xazebiTaa Semkuli.

sadac ar unda gavixedoT, yvelagan Cans, rom am Zvirfasi samSoblos mta da bari, Zeglebi da gumbaTebi, meCeTebi da minareTebi, saflavis qvebi da saflavebi yuranis wiaRidan wamosuli monoTeizmis WeSmaritebas qadagebs. yuranis dausabamo da usasrulo naTeli atomis nawilakebamde aRwevs da mis mier gacxadebuli WeSmariteba erTi RmerTis arsebobis Sesaxeb, am qveyanaSi, veranairi Zalis mier ver iqneba uaryofili da daviwyebuli. islami am eris arsebobis mizezi da kacobriobis istoriaSi im adgilis damkvidrebis mTavari faqtoria, rac dRes gaaCnia. rogorc adre, dResac msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi iyo Turqi niSnavs, rom xar muslimi. amitomaa, rom Turqi xalxis islamisgan CamoSoreba verasodes moxerxda. magaliTad, rodesac Cveni Tanamemamule eznis xmas gaigonebs maSinve mowesrigdeba, sworad dajdeba, sigarets agdebs da mokrZalebiT usmens.

miuxedavad imisa, rom am konkretul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi Sesabamisi brZaneba ar aris cnobili, Cveni Tanamemamuleebi da bavSvebi yurans xelSi ise iWeren, rom wels qveviT ar dauSveben, kiTxvis dros ki rahleze deben da ise kiTxuloben. anatoliis yvela ojaxSi aqvT yurani. yovelma Turqma icis,rom urwmunoeba da „uwignoba“ (igulisxmeba yurani) didi ubedurebaa da yvela vedrebaSi RmerTs evedrebian urwmunod da uwignid nu datovebs. Turqul kulturaSi aseve damkvidrebulia Semdegi tradicia. yuranis ydaze aweria, rom mxolod sufTa adamianebi Seexebian mas. es gafrTxileba yvelam icis da muslimebi fizikuri da sulieri WuWyisgan Tavisufldebian, raTa yurani xelSi aiRon. yurans arasodes sxva romelime wignTan ar gaaigiveben. yuranis furclebi, garekani, naweri da mxatvroba, yvelaferi rac yurans ukavSirdeba gansakuTrebuli sifaqiziTaa Sesrulebuli. amitom gaCnda erT-erTi frTiani fraza, romelic am yvelafers naTlad gamoxatavs: „yurani meqaSi CamobrZanda, egvipteSi waikiTxes da stambolSi daiwera“. rogorc adre, dResac yurans yvelaze lamazad aq weren da kiTxuloben.

yurani imisaTvis moevlina kacobriobas, rom is gavigoT da misi mowodebebi SevasruloT. Cveni xalxi romc ver xvdebodes yuranis teqsts, mkiTxvelic da msmenelic gansakuTrebul mowiwebas iCenen. mkiTxvelisTvis yuranis kiTxva gamCenis winaSe wardgomis tolfasia. yuranis kiTxvis Semdeg muslimi isev RmerTs evedreba, rom codvebisgan daifaros. xSir SemTxvevaSi amas ganicdian is adamianebi, romlebic yuranis Sinaarss ver gebuloben da warmoidgineT isini rogor gancdebSi arian, vinc yuranis kiTxvisas mis Sinaarssac gebulobs.

patara asakidanve yuranis swavla da kiTxva yoveli TurqisaTvis aucilebeli tradiciaa. amisaTvis dadian sasuliero saswavleblebSi. quCaSi mimavali patara, romelsac mxarze CanTa aqvs gadakidebuli, romelSic yurania, gansakuTrebul siyvarulsa da pativiscemas imsaxurebs. romelime Tavyrilobis dros fatara hafizi yuranidan suras waikiTxavs da Cvens TvalSi maSinve izrdeba. es bavSvi didebis TvalSi ukve imamia, hafizia, pativsacemi pirovnebaa.

sasuliero saswavleblebis mSeneblobisa da sxva xarjebisTvis Cveni Tanamemamuleebi arafers iSureben da exmarebian. Cveni qveynis TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi yuranis Semswavleli kursebi da sasuliero saswavleblebia mofenili. Turqi xalxis udidesi survilia sikvdilis Semdeg datovos STamomomavloba, romelic misi sulis mosaxsenieblad faTihas waikiTxavs.

warsulidan moyolebuli anatoliaSi TiTqmis yvela saxlsa Tu samuSao adgilas RvTis sadideblis gamomxatveli sityvebia mikruli. saxlis da samuSao ofisis kedlebze maTi yofna aucileblobamde ayvanili tradiciaa. es aseve cnobaa saimisod, rom aq muslimebi saxloben.

amasTanave, Cveni aforizmebic, frTiani gamonaTqvamebic, xalxuri musikac da gamocanebic ki islamuri motivebiTaa gajerebuli. mokled xelovnebasa da literaturaSi, TiTqmis yvela sferoSi religiur motivebs SexvdebiT. garda amisa, medreseebis, meCeTebis, minareTebis, Sadrevnebis da sxva nagebobebis arqiteqtura da masze gamosaxuli warwerebi Tu CuqurTmebi umeteswilad aiaTebsa da hadisebs Seicavs. religiur motivebs Seicavs aseve saiuveliro nakeTobebi, droSebi, fuli. gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebulia lamazad weris xelovneba. cnobili ostatebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yuranis wignebs gansakuTrebuli mondomebiTa da sifaqiziT awyobdnen.

aseve simarTles Seesabameba is, rom yuranidan Tu SevarCevT droisa da situaciis Sesabamis aiaTs da wavikiTxavT, es ufro meti efeqtis momtani iqneba, vidre sxva da sxva tomebis kiTxva. amitom iyo, rom islamur arqiteqturaSi sworad SerCeuli aiaTebia ganTavsebuli da isini erTgvari gafrTxilebis movaleobas asruleben.

mokled rom vTqvaT, yurani Cveni kulturis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani safuZvelia. yurani Cveni erisTvis miwacaa, puric, wyalic, gzac kvalic da mokled yvelaferi. akvnidan saflavamde Cvens TiToeul nabijs yuranis gavlena gaaCnia. rasac vakeTebT yvelafers mas vukavSirebT da yvelafers masTan SesabamisobaSi ganvixilavT.

Cveni tradiebisa da adaTebis analizisas cxadi xdeba, rom bevri maTgani swored rom yuranTanaa dakavSirebuli da yuranisa da sunas moZRvrebis Sesabamisia. roca sadme vsxedvarT da vinme ufrosi Semova yvela adgils uTmobs da ufro metic, fexze dgeba. es wesi yuranis moZRvrebas Seesabameba.

Cven mSoblebisa da ufrosebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli pativiscemis gamoxatva gvCvevia. esec yuranis moZRvrebis Sesabamisi adaTia. ufrosebTan moqceva, maTTan saubari, misalmebac ki yuranis swavlebis mixedviTaa damkvidrebuli.

RmerTma uwyis. RmerTi simarTlis mxaresaa. RmerTi mowyalea. RmerTi Tavis monas sarCos uboZebs. RmerTisgan imedi ar unda moviwyvitoT. Tu RmerTma erTi kari dagixura, meores gviRebs. neba RvTisaa. erT gulSi ori siyvaruli da erT taxtzeori mefe ver moTavsdeba. qorwilis patronsa da saxlis myidvels RmerTi exmareba. yvela aRmarTs Tavisi daRmarTi mohyveba. am da sxva mraval andazaSi naTlad Cans, rom Sinaarsi yuranis moZRvrebidan gamomdinareobs.

dRes Cven, rogorc sazogadoeba, valdebuli varT Cveni ZiriTadi safuZvlebi aRmovaCinoT, raTa momavlisTvis saTanadod mzad viyoT. Cven unda vecadoT, rom uaryofiTi tendenciebi ukuvagdoT da dadebiTis win wamowevas SevuwyoT xeli. saamisod aucilebelia Cveni identobis safuZvlebs CavwvdeT, romlebic saukuneebia ar waSlila. es safuZvlebi Cveni rwmenaa, erTi RmerTis rwmena. RmerTma Suamavali universaluri fesvebis saCveneblad RamiT mesjidi aysaSi waiyvana. Cven saukuneebis manZilze riTic vcocxlobT imas ratom ver vamCnevT da ise viqceviT, TiTqos ver vamCnevTo? yuranis mimarT marto mokrZaleba da pativiscema ar kmara, Cven is amvdroulad unda gavigoT da mis mier dadgenili cxovrebis wesiT vicxovroT.

arasodes daviviwyoT, rom eris gadamrCeni misi kulturaa. kultura im RirebulebaTa erTobliobaa, romlebic sazogadoebis fesvebsa da ganStoebebs qmnis da eris warsuls momavalTan akavSirebs. amrigad kultura adamianebs warsulTan kavSirs unarCunebs da momavlisTvis amzadebs.

hafizobis tradiciis Sesaxeb

faTih Collaqi

Cveni muslimi sazogadoebisTvis yurani yovelTvis gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebda. yuranis kiTxva, misi mosmena da yuranTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi monawileoba madlia, amitom xalxi amas did yuradRebas aqcevda. yuranis swavla da misi swavleba aseve mniSvnelovan saqmed miiCneva. ojaxebi cdiloben bavSvebi pataraobidanve miaCvion yuranis kiTxvas da cdiloben bavSvebs yurani adreul asakSive Seaswavlon.

Cveni xalxi mudmivad cdilobda xSirad ekiTxa da amasTanave gaego yuranis Sinaarsi, misi gzavnili, garda amisa sadac yurans kiTxulobdnen iq yvelani mokrZalebas gamoxatavdnen. is adamianebi, romlebmac garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar yuranis kiTxva ar icodnen, yuranis mkiTxvelebis mimarT gansakuTrebul pativiscemas gamoxatavdnen da cdilobdnen materialuri Tu moraluri daxmarebis gawevas. yvelaze didi fici yuranze daficeba iyo.

yoveli muslimi ise cxovrobs, rom yuranTan mudmivi sulieri kavSiri da gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba gaaCnia. SeiZleba yuranis kiTxva ar icodes, an RvTismsaxurebis gareSe, sxva procesSi yuranTan dakavSirebuli raime sakiTxi wamoiWras, yoveli muslimi yurans yvelaze maRla ayenebs. muslimi xalxi aseve did pativicemas gamoxataven yuranis kiTxvis mcodneebisa da hafizebis mimarT.

muslimi sazogadoeba hafizobis Semswavlel sasuliero saswavleblebs gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs. hafizoba RvTis sityvis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani gza iyo. hafizi is adamiania, romelmac RvTis sityva zepirad icis, mas guliT atarebs da icavs. hafizoba didi codna da maRali wodebaa. iyo hafizi, es Zalian Rirseuli msaxureba da gansakuTrebuli Rvawlia.

islamis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, pirveli hafizebi Suamavlis Tanamedrove muslimebi, misi megobrebi iyvnen. iqidan moyolebuli mTeli istoriis manZilze es procesi uwyvetad mimdinareobda da Sesabamisad mravali hafizi aRzrdila.

hafizobis swavlebis procesSi Semdegi sameuli monawileobs: meurve, maswavlebeli da moswavle. meurvem, mSobelma bavSvs yuranisa da RvTis siyvaruli unda Caunergos da bavSvi saamisod moamzados. mSoblebis survili da mizandasaxuloba Zalian mniSvnelovania. gamomdinare aqedan mSoblebis faqtori yvelaze pirveli da mniSvnelovania. maTi mizandasaxuloba da sakiTxisadmi erTguli damokidebuleba hafizobis kandidat bavSvze did gavlenas moaxdens. meore faqtori is maswavlebelia, romelmac bavSvs yurani unda Seaswavlos. maswavlebels Sesabamisi codna da pedagogiuri midgomebi unda gaaCndes. am Tvisebebis matarebeli maswavlebeli warmatebas miaRwevs da bavSvi hafizi gaxdeba. Semdegi safexuri Tavad bavSvia. bavSvs unda gaaCndes Sesabamisi survili da niWi, raTa warmatebiT gaarTvas Tavi iseT sapasuximgeblo saqmes, rasac yuranis zepirad daswavla hqvia. dauSvebelia bavSvze daZaleba. upirveles yovlisa amis survili unda gavuRvivoT da motivacia aRvZraT. me minda da iswavli an maswavlebels unda da unda iswavloo, am tipis midgomebi realur Sedegs ver gamoiRebs. am procesSi bavSvs arc iseTi tvirTi unda avkidoT, rasac ver daZlevs.

Sesabamisi kursis gavlis Semdeg hafizobas dauflebuli moswavle, hafizis wodebis miniWebamde specialur gamocdas gadis. am gamocdas ukve hafizis wodebis matarebeli maswavlebelbi eswrebian. amgvari gamocdebi, erTi kandidatis SemTxvevaSic ki, sakmaod xangrZlivad grZeldeba. hafizobis kandidati hafizebis winaSe mTel yurans wepirad kiTxulobs. gamocda dilidanve iwyeba, mxolod Wamisa da namazis dros SeiZleba Sesveneba da rogorc gaTvlilia, hafizobis kandidati samxrobis dros yuranis kiTxvas morCeba. zogan amgvari gamocda samdRiania da Sesabamisad sam etapad tardeba. hafizobis kandidati TiToeul dRes aT juzs waradgens. sam dReSi yurani srulad Cabardeba da kandidats hafizis wodeba eniWeba.

islamis kulturisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kidev erTi rituali hafizis wodebis miniWebis ceremonialia. aRniSnuli ceremoniali konkretuli regionis yvelaze did meCeTSi tardeba. am ceremonialze konkretuli regionis cnobil sasuliero pirebs patiJeben. ceremonialis dawyebisTanave axali hafizebi TavianT maswavleblebTan erTad Semodian da mihrabis mxares maTTvis gankuTvnil adgilas dgebian. Semdeg rkaliseburad sxdebian da yuranis kiTxvas iwyeben. hafizebi yuranis bolo, mokle surebs kiTxuloben da Semdeg vedrebas aRavlenen. bolo ori hafizidan erT erTi faTihas, xolo meore bayaras suras pirvel xuT aiaTs waikiTxaven da ceremoniali amiT mTavrdeba.

ceremoniisSemdeg hafizebs specialur cnobebs da saCuqrebs gadascemen.

anatoliis kulturaSi muyabeles tradicia

aiSe sera qesiqbaSi

muyabele pasuxis gacemas, Sexvedras niSnavs. yoveli ramadanis Tvis ganmavlobaSi Suamavali da angelozi jebraili moTxovna-pasuxis stilSi, erTmaneTis pirispir, yurans kiTxulobdnen, ramac safuZveli daudo am tradicias. aRniSnuli tradicia sunas kategoriaSi Sedis.

muyabeles kiTxva RvTismsaxurebaa, romelic ToTxmeti saukunis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. muyabeles dros yuranis kiTxvis, masze mosmenis, misi ukeT gagebisa da madlis miRebis saSualeba gveZleva.

anatoliaSi ki...

anatoliaSi muyabeles tradicia sul sxva safexurzea ayvanili. iRdiridan edirnemde, sinofidan antaliamde, bursadan mardinamdebaliqesiridan qoniamde anatoliis yvela qalqi da raioni, yvela ubani da yvela quCa, ramadanis TveSi, muyabeles kiTxvis adgiladaa miCneuli. ramadanis TveSi anatoliis qucebS da TiTqmis yvela saxlSi yuraniT xelSi adamianebs davinaxavT. kiTxuloben yvela asakis adamianebi. hafizebi zepirad kiTxuloben, xolo sxvebi -pirdapir wignidan, msmenelebi ki mokrZalebiT usmenen. es winaprebis danatovari tradiciaa da Cven am tradicias vagrZelebT.

anatoliis xalxi, yuranis mimarT udidesi pativiscemis farglebSi, rogorc Suamavlis mier datovebul amanaTs, yovelTvis kiTxulobs yurans da gansakuTrebiT ki ramadanis TveSi. es tradicia niSania imisa, rom RvTis sityva adamianebis gulSi Rrmadaa Camjdari da es adamianebi am tradicias ar dakargaven.

anatoliaSi muyabeles kultura imdenad maRalia, rom misi aRwerisaTvis sakmarisi dro da sityvebi ar aris. Cven zogadad getyviT, rom anatoliis xalxi muyabeles tradicias Zalian did yuradRebas aqcevs. es aris tradicia, romelic aswleulebia grZeldeba da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. am tradiciis Sesaxeb rom ar icodes iseTi adamianebi TiTze CamosaTvlelia. muyabale ramadanis Tvis aucilebeli movlenaa da anatoliis xalxi mis gareSe arc yofila, arc aris da arc darCeba. anatoliis xalxi am tradicias ufro alamazebs.

1001 haTmis tradicia
erzrumis magaliTi

zeqi qoCaq

Cveni ers pativi ergo islamiT cxovrebisa da misi SenarCunebisa da is mudmivad am rolis rigianad Sesrulebas cdilobda. qveynis yvela kuTxeSi igrZnoba religiuri cxovreba, romelic yuransa da sunazea dafuZnebuli. es yvelaferi qveynis fundamentur tradiciad aris gadaqceuli.

religiuri cxovrebiT gamorCeuli kuTxeebidan erT-erTi TvalsaCino kuTxe erzrumia. daaxloebiT 500 welia erzrumis xalxi misdevs tradicias, romelsac 1001 haTmis tradicia ewodeba. amgvari tradiciis Camoyalibeba bunebrivicaa, radgan erzrumi cnobilia Tavisi saqveynod cnobili hafizebiTa da yuranis kiTxvis kulturiT. aRniSnuli tradicia dRiTidRe ufro viTardeba da is aramarto regionul centrebSi, aramed patara soflebSic ki sistematiurad tardeba.

1001 haTmis tradiciis istoria

1001 haTmis istoria, daaxloebiT 1533 wlidan iwyeba. iavuz sulTan selimis vaJis, kanuni sulTan suleimanis mmarTvelobis periodSi am tradicias safuZveli Cauyara pirovnebam, romelic fir ali babas saxeliTaa cnobili. (fir ali babas cxovrebis Sesaxeb detaluri informacia ar mogvepoveba. misi saflavi aris TefeqoiSi erT-erT gorakze, romelic misive saxels atarebs)

fir ali baba erzrumis regionSi, sofel TuzjuSi cxovrobda. is ganswavluli da Zalian mniSvnelovani pirovneba iyo. mas uTqvams: Tu yovel wels 1001 haTms wavikiTxavT, Cveni samSoblo ubedurebisgan, gansakuTrebiT ki miwisZvrisgan daculi iqnebao. miwisZvraze yuradRebis gamaxvileba gamoiwvia im faqtma, rom im periodSi erzinjanSi saSineli miwisZvra momxdara. aRniSnul tradicias maSin Caeyara safuZveli. tradicia pirveli msoflio omis dros Seferxda, magram mogvianebiT erzrumis muftma muhammed sadik solakzadem aTaTurqs tradiciis gagrZelebis nebarTva sTxova da rogorc ki miiRo es nebarTva aRniSnuli tradicia isev gagrZelda. tradicia dResac grZeldeba da wakiTxuli haTmebis raodenoba yovelwliurad izrdeba. magaliTad, 2009-2010 wlebSi wakiTxulma haTmebis raodenobam 12 750 Seadgina. erzrumis erT-erT raionSi, TorTumSi, sadac hafizebis raodenoba gansakuTrebiT bevria, Svidwliani Cavardnis Semdeg 2 675 haTmi waikiTxes da tradiciaSi aseTi maRali maCvenebliT CaerTnen. TorTumis muftma jelal buiuqma aRniSna, rom am tradicias kidev gaagrZelebdnen. garda amisa, axladarceulma ispiris muftma aRniSnul tradiciaSi CarTvis survili gamoTqva da aRniSna, rom mis raionSi 410 haTmi iqna wakiTxuli.

1001 haTmis kiTxvis forma

1001 haTmis kiTxvis drod 15 dekembridan 15 ianvramde periodia miCneuli. amis mizania Zveli wlis RvTismsaxurebiT dasruleba da axali wlisTvis axali, sasikeTo molodinebiT Segebeba.

tradiciisamebr haTmi regionis centralur meCeTebSi ikiTxeba. winaT mxolod meCeTebSi wakiTxul haTmebs iTvlidnen, axla ki meCeTis gareT, sasuliero saswavleblebSi wakiTxuli haTmebic emateba. haTmis kiTxva dilis namazidan iwyeba da Ramis namazis dros sruldeba. warsulidan moyolebuli haTmis mkiTxvelebs specialuri fondidan saCuqrebs Cuqnian da daxmarebas uweven. dRes es wesi aRar moqmedebs, magram haTmis mkiTxvelebze gadasacemi saCuqrebisTvis konkretuli macxovreblebi da mdidari adamianebi zrunaven.

haTmis kiTxvisas meCeTSi imyofeba procesis xelmZRvaneli imami. haTmi misi meTvalyureobis qveS ikiTxeba, Sesabamis dros sejde sruldeba da haTmis dasrulebisas specialuri vedreba ikiTxeba.

haTmis dros meCeTSi sxva mlocvelebic arian, romlebic RvTis xsenebiTa da specialuri vedrebiT am procesSi arian CarTulebi. aRniSnuli adaTic solakzades saxels ukavSirdeba.

dRis haTmebis wakiTxvisa da vedrebis Semdeg jamaaTi saxlebSi midian. dro da dro zogi SeZlebuli muslimTagani mkiTxvelebs da monawileebs dilis sauzmeze patiJebs. sauzmis dros imamebi da hafizebi saintereso Temebze saubroben da SekiTxvebs pasuxoben.

tradiciisamebr am dros centralur meCeTSi maxlobeli patara meCeTebidanac modian da haTmis kiTxvaSi monawileobas iReben. haTmis kiTxvaze dasaswrebad gansakuTrebul momdomebas iCenen. am dros konkretul meCeTebSi moyavT axalgazrda hafizebi, romlebmac axlaxans daasrules hafizobis sruli kursi.

1001 haTmis tradiciis socialuri mxare

erzrumSi wamowyebul es tradicias, romelsac 1001 haTmis tradicia ewodeba, mraval materialuri da sulieri Sedegebi gaaCnia. yvela maTganis CamoTvla da zusti aRwera SeuZlebelia. Cven mxolod is SegviZlia mogiyveT, ra gavigeT da ra vigrZeniT.

haTmis kiTxvis procesze daswreba adamianebSi iseT grZnobebs iwvevs, romlis aRwerac warmoudgenelia. aq adamians gansakuTrebuli mRelvareba eufleba. garda amisa, adamiani erTi Tvis manZilze mudmivad yuranTanaa, yoveldRe kiTxulobs da hafizobas kidev ufro iumjobesebs, rac yuranis kidev ukeTe gagebaSi exmareba mas. Cemi azriT erzrumSi amdeni hafizis aRzrdis saqmeSi am tradicias didi roli gaaCnia.

axali hafizebisTvis es erTi Tve saswavlo seminars warmoadgens. aq gamocdili hafizebisgan bevri ramis swavlaa SesaZlebeli. kitxvis procesSi gansakuTrebulad Tbili atmosferoa da kiTxvaSi CarTuli adamianebi erTmaneTis mimarT saocrad Tbil damokidebulebaSi arian. ganswavluli hafizebi religiur sakiTxebze msjeloben, rac axalgazrdebisTvis saocari gakveTilebia. erzrumSi es tradicia erTgvari skolaa.

1001 haTmissgan mosalodneli sikeTe procesSive igrZnoba. meCeTSi damsxdari hafizebi, romlebic RvTis sityvas aseTi mondomebiTa da siyvaruliT axmovaneben, sanaxavad marTlac rom Rirs da es yvelaferi saocar grZnobebs badebs. maT saxeebze danaxuli simSvide mnaxvelebze, xolo Semdeg sazogadoebaze gadadis.

aRniSnuli tradiciis bolo paraskevs xalxi yvelaze did meCeTSi ikribeba, sadac religiur swavlebas usmenen da vedrebaSi erTvebian. TilaveTis sejdeebis Semcvel konkretul adgilebs xelaxla kiTxuloben da mTeli jamaaTi sejdes asrulebs. am dros irgvliv sadResaswauli atmosfero yalibdeba. adamianebi erTobas, erTianobas grZnoben. es yvelaferi imdenad sasiamovnoa, rom adamianebi momavali wlis igive periodis mosvlas natroben.

mokled 1001 haTmis kiTxvis tradicia religiuri da erovnuli kulturis macocxlebeli tradiciaa. es aris warsulis mimarT madlierebisa da momavlis imediani xedvis gamoxatuleba. es aris Suamavlis anderZis Sesrulebis erTgvari mcdeloba. 632 wlis martis TveSi Suamavalma gamosamSvidobebeli qadagebisas xalxs mimarTa: „“me Tqven or amanaTs gitovebT. Tu maT mWidrod gulSi CaikravT gzas ar ascdebiT. es amanaTebi RvTis sityva yurani da misi Suamavlis sunneTia“.

haTmis da Taravis tradicia

faTih iujeli

RmerTma yurani dedamiwas daaxloebiT ToTxmeti saukunis win moavlina, raTa kacobrioba sibnelidan naTelSi gaeyvana. miuxedavad amdeni saukunis gasvlisa yurani mainc inarCunebs im Tavdapirvel Tvisebebs, rac mas Tavidanve gaaCnda da morwmuneebisTvis yovelTvis aseTi iqneba. yurani RvTiuri rCeva, adamianis sulieri sazrdo da yvela dardis gamqarvebelia. (ix. sad 87; isra 9; iunus 57)

yurani, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT yvela sulieri da fizikuri problemis winaSe uebari wamalia. Sesabamisad, yuranis mkiTxveli misgan iRebs rogorc sasargeblo rCevebs, ise sulier sazrdos, radgan is baraqis mTavari wyaroa. is aris saSualeba, rom adamianTa gulebSi simSvidem daisadguros. yurani RvTiuri wyalobaa yvelasaTvis da misi movlinebiT yvelam simSvide hpova. (ix. enbia 10; rad 28)

RmerTi brZanebs, rom yurani samyaroSi yvelaze sasargebloa. amas mocemuli aiaTebi adastureben. mocemuli aiaTebidan aseve Cans, rom adamianebma yuranis mimarT pasuximgeblobis grZnoba unda iqonion. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom yuranis winaSe pasuximgebloba mTel kacobriobas exeba da TiToeuli Cvengani amis gamo ganvikiTxebiT. yvela es aiaTi sasargeblo gafrTxilebaa imisaTvis, rom yuranis mimarT saTanado damokidebuleba gvqondes. (ix. iunus 57-58, zuhruf 44)

yurani adamianebisTvis moraluri da socialuri problemebis mogvarebis gzamkvlevia. misi pirveli brZaneba iyo: „waikiTxe“. es miuTiTebs, rom yuranis mimarT pasuximgeblobis qona da misi gamovlineba kiTxviT iwyeba. Suamavalic yuranis kiTxvas xSirad mogviwodebda da es mraval hadisSia dafiqsirebuli. muslimi xalxi yovelTvis gulmodgined swavlobda yurans, mudmivad kiTxulobda, izepirebda da yuranis kiTxvis kulturas Taobidan Taobas gadascemda.

Cven ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom yuranis kiTxvis mizani misi gageba da misgan rCevis miRebaa. is unda vikiTxoT, gavigoT, davijeroT da mTeli arsebiT mas mivekedloT. yvela es mizani mniSvnelovania da haTmis procesSi mkiTxveli am miznebis ganxorcielebas cdilobs. islamis mixedviT kiTxva codnis srulyofisaTvis saWiro saSualebaa. gamomdinare aqedan unda vikiTxoT, vifiqroT da mis mimarT usazRvro pativiscemiT ganvimsWvaloT.

yvelaze sasargeblo mogzauroba: haTmi

haTmi yuranis teqstis Tavidan bolomde, pirdapir yuranSi an zepirad wakiTxvas niSnavs. hadisebis mixedviT yuranis srulad wakiTxva yvelaze sasargeblo saqmea. hadisi mixedviT haTmis mkiTxveli wminda mogzaurobas iwyebs. mkiTxveli am dros xan Suamaval iusufTan erTad WaSia, xanac Suamaval iunusTan erTad Tevzis mucelSi, xan mosesTan erTad vedrebas aRavlens, xan kidev Suamaval ibrahimis msgavsad saocar sibrZnes flobs. es mogzauroba imdenad wmindaa, rom mkiTxveli mRelvarebisgan gansakuTrebul sulier mdgomareobaSi vardeba. mas usazRvro krZalva uCndeba. adamiani am dros mTeli guliT gamCenTanaa dakavSirebuli da misgan uzado moZRvrebas iRebs. naTqvamia, yoveli axali mogzauroba axali siyvarulis dasawyisiao. es sityva yuranis kiTxvis mogzaurobas Seesabameba. kiTxvisas RvTiuri saswaulebis sibrZnes vecnobiT. Tundac Suamavali suleimani da misi ambavi. masze miniWebuli unarebi da mmarTveloba xom unikaluria. yuranis kiTxvisas mkiTxveli imeorebs im vedrebas, rasac Suamavlebi RmerTs evedrebodnen. mkiTxveli Samaval mosesTan erTad aRavlens vedrebas. is Suamaval ibrahimTan erTad grZnobs, rom cecxlma ar dawva. mokled kiTxvisas is grZnobs, raoden Zlieria RvTiuri sityva da raoden Rrmaa misi sibrZne. mkiTxveli ufro da ufro mets grZnobs da mTeli arsebiT RvTisadmi mindobili xdeba. Suamavalma erT-erT megobars, romelmac hkiTxa, yuranis kiTxva ramden xanSi unda davasruloo, urCia, rom erT TveSi daesrulebina. am rCevis mizezi is iyo, rom yuranis kiTxvisas misi gagebisTvis dro hqonoda. gamomdinare aqedan, yuranis kiTxvis ZiriTadi mizani misi gageba, masze fiqri da misi gaTavisebaa. amasTanave, Suamavali gvirCevda, rom yurani sam dReze nakleb droSi ar wagvekiTxa, raTa misi gageba ar gagvWirveboda.

yurani Suamavlis msgavsad unda vikiTxoT. yuranis kiTxvisas saWiroa garkveuli wesbis codna da maTi dacva. aseve sasurvelia yuranis nela, aiaTobiT wakiTxva, rac yuranis gagebas aiolebs.

yuranis swori formiT kiTxva da saWiro wesebis dacva, yvela CvenganisTvis, misi idealuri formiT wakiTxvaa. yuranis wesisamebr wakiTxva swavlas da Sromas moiTxovs. am mxriv naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad mcodne maswavleblebis daxmarebaa saWiro. aseve SegviZlia visargebloT specialuri saitiTac.

yuranis sworad wakiTxvisTvis aucilebelia vicodeT specialuri gramatikuli wesebi, raTa sityvebi sworad gamovTqvaT. hadisebiT cnobilia, rom Suamavali yuranis sworad mkiTxvelebs aqebs da maT RvTiuri sikeTiT dajildoebas uwinaswarmetyvelebs.

yuranis sityvebi igive RvTis sityvebia, amitom bgerebis arasworad gamoTqma da amiT sityvebis damaxinjeba miuRebelia. yuranis kiTxva RvTismsaxurebaa, amitom sworad unda vikiTxoT. namazis drosac yuranis kiTxva farzia.

gamomdinare aqedan naTargmni yuranis Tavidan bolomde wakiTxva haTmad ar iTvleba. amasTanave naTargmni yuranis kiTxva, Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan amiT mis mniSvnelobas vgebulobT. yurani imisaTvis aris movlenili, rom gavigoT. vinc cdilobs yutanis Sinaarsi gaigos, RmerTi mis mcdelobas daafasebs.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom yuranis sworad wakiTxvaze ufro meti yuradRebis miqceva da misi Sinaarsis meore planze gadaweva miuRebelia. yuranis mkiTxveli RmerTis winaSea da masTan saubrobs, amdenad, warmovidginoT, Sinaarsis arcodna raoden didi naklia. amasTanave, arasworad vkiTxulob, Sinaarss ver vxvdebi, amitom saerTod ar wavikiTxoo, aseTi midgomac ukiduresad mcdaria. Cven mxolod Cveni SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi gvevaleba.

yuranis Tavidan bolomde wakiTxva Suamavals ukavSirdeba. cnobilia, rom Suamavali da angelozi jebraili yovel wels, ramadanis TveSi im wels movlenil aiaTebs erTad kiTxulobdnen.

Suamavali brZanebda, rom yuranis Tavidan bolomde wakiTxva RvTis winaSe erT-erTi sayvareli saqmea. Cvenc am samTveulis baraqianoba unda gamoviyenoT da rac SeiZleba meti yurani vikiTxoT.

hadisebiT aseve cnobilia, rom yuranis kiTxvisas misi yoveli bgeris gamoTqma aTmagi madlia. amave dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom yuranis sworad kiTxvaa mniSnelovania, amitom swrafad vikiTxo, raTa meti madli aviRoo da am dros kiTxvis wesebis darRveva araswori midgomaa.

xangrZlivi mogzauroba- haTmiT naloci Taravi

ramadanis TveSi Taravis mTeli haTmiT kiTxvis tradicia xalifa omars ukavSirdeba. hijriT meToTxmete wels hz. omarma Taravis jgufurad locvis gadawyvetileba miiRo, ubei bin qabi imamad daniSna da amis Sesaxeb xalxSi cnobebi gaavrcela. hz. omaris es iniciativa zogi swavluli mier „lamaz tradiciad“ iqna miCneuli.

hz. omaris mmarTvelobis dros Taravis haTmTan erTad Sesrulebis zusti cnobebi ar mogvepiveba, magram islamis samarTlis saxelmZRvaneloebSi aris informacia, rom ubei bin qabis winamZRolobiT ramadanis TveSi Taravis namazi haTmis TanxlebiT Sesrulda. amis gamo Taravis haTmTan erTad erTxel mainc Sesruleba sunneTad iTvleba.

ramdenadac SegviZlia gvqondes Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba, Suamavlis dros Taravis namazi haTmis TanxlebiT ar Sesrulebula. maS, ratom CaTvales Taravis manazze haTmis kiTxva sunneTad? swavlulebis mtkicebiT imis albaToba, rom Suamavali ase gaakeTebda didi iyo da amasTanave xalifa omaris iniciativa, rom Taravi jamaaTs erTad Seesrulebina, am mosazrebas ufro amyarebda. Suamavlis Tanamedroveni sunneTs Zalian did yuradRebas aqcevdnen, amitom isini TviTneburad siaxles ar Seitandnen. garda amisa, hz. omari, hz. osmani da hz . alic Taravis namazis haTmTan erTad locvis tradicias agrZelebdnen. es ki amyarebs varauds, rom aRniSnuli praqtika sunneTia.

garda amisa Taravis haTmiT locva yuransa da sunasTan winaaRmdegobaSi ar modis. amasTanave adamians ufleba aqvs namazis dros yuranis is nawili waikiTxos, romelic misTvis iolia. yvela adamiani imdenadaa valdebuli, ramdenis Zalac Seswevs.

haTmiT Taravis locvis unikaluri tradicia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda da Cvens es tradicia unda gavagrZeloT da Sesabamisi momzadebis mqone hafizebi unda aRvzardoT. Taravis aseTnairad locvisTvis Zalian momzadebuli hafizia saWiro. hafizad CamoyalibebisaTvis, Cvens qveyanaSi, saSualod ocdaoTxi Tvea saWiro. aRniSnuli dro moswavlis unaris Sesabamisad SeiZleba ufro Semcirdes. hafizobis swavlasTan erTad misi SenarCuneba Zalian mniSvnelovania. Suamavali gvafrTxilebda, rom Tu hafizma sistematiurad ar ivarjiSa, SeiZleba male daaviwydes.

dRes hafizebi hafizobis kurss religiuri saministros sasuliero saswavleblebSi gadian. saministro Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi aRniSnul movaleobas saukeTesod axorcielebs. yvela es samuSaoebi da mcdeloba kargi hafizebis momzadebas emsaxureba.

"amin alai"

mistafa ojali

es tradicia osmaleTis imperiaSi rodis damkvidrda, cnobili ar aris. 4-5 an 6 wlis bavSvebis skolaSi Sesvlis dRes tradiciisamebr specialuri ceremonali imarTeboda. am sadResaswaulo Sekrebaze „ilahebs“ kiTxulobdnen da xmamaRla ambobdnen , „amin“ . bavSvebi skolis pirvel dRes locva vedrebiT da RvTis saxelis xsenebiT iwyebdnen.

im periodisaTvis bavSvebis skolaSi Seyvanas romelime religiur dResaswauls an mniSvnelovan dReebs daamTxvevdnen xolme. Tu skolis dawyebas aseTi dReebi ar emTxveoda, maSin orSabaTs an xuTSabaTs arCevdnen.

rogori iyo mzadeba?

skolis asaks miRweuli bavSvis mSobeli skolis dawyebamde ori dRiT adre maswavlebels ukavSirdeboda da bavSvis skolaSi Seyvanis survils acnobda. maswavlebelic jer axali moswavlis skolaSi miRebis sabuTebs moagvarebda da Semdeg skolis moswavleebs etyoda, rom axali moswavle modis da xval „amin alais“ ceremonia cavataroTo. bavSvebic meore dRisTvis saukeTeso tansacmels icvamdnen da saTanadod emzadebodnen.

moswavlis ojaxic gansakuTrebul samzadisSi iyo. aseTi samzadisi ojaxis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis mixedviT icvleboda. Raribi ojaxis bavSvebs xelSi anbanis wigns miscemdnen da skolaSi waiyvandnen. saSualo Semosavlis mqone ojaxebi ki bavSvebs sayidlebze waiyvandnen da axal tansacmels da fexsacmels SeuZendnen. zogi ojaxebi axloblebs patiJebdnen da wveulebas marTavdnen.

RonisZiebis mimdinareoba

skolis dawyebis ceremoniaze skolis maswavlebeli moswavleebs or rigad daamwkrivebda. skolis is moswavleebi, romlebmac ukve ilahebis kiTxva icodnen wina rigebSi idgnen da lamazi xmiT ilahebs axmovanebdnen, maTi danarCeni megobrebi ki dro da dro xmamaRla ambobdnen „amin“. Tu skolaSi axalmisuli bavSvis ojaxi sazogadoebisTvis cnobili wridan iyo, ceremonias sxva skolebis maswavleblebi da aseve mowveuli stumrebic eswrebodnen xolme.