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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

კოორდინატორი
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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 20.02.2019/28

ISBN: 978-605-7519-41-2
2019-06-Y-0003-1595
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2019

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adamianis uflebebi

dr. burhan erquS

თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის რელიგიის საქმეთა სამმართველო

winasityvaoba

adamiani sazogadoebis nawilia. erTian sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamianebi valdebulni arian icodnen individis uflebeba- movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT unda moqmedebdnen, raTa adamianTa Soris mSvidoba da bedniereba iqnas uzrunvelyofili. pasuxismgeblobis Segneba pirovnebam, upirveles yovlisa sakuTariT unda daiwyos. piradi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba visac gaaCnia, man ojaxisa da sazogadoebis winaSe arsebuli pasuxismgeblobac icis da dakisrebul movaleobasac asrulebs.

„nuTu egona adamians, rom upasuxismgeblod iqneboda mitovebuli?“

sura yiameTis 36-e aiaTi migviTiTebs, rom adamiani pasuxismgeblobis matarebeli arsebaa.

„mere im dRes, aucileblad mogekiTxebaT, rac geboZaT!“

sura Teqasuris me-8 aiaTi ki gviCvenebs, rom adamians, upirveles yovlisa goneba da sxva mravali wyaloba eboZa da amis sapasuxod, garkveuli valdebulebebi daekisra, romelic SeZlebidagvarad unda Seasrulos.

sazogadoebis simSvides, umTavresad gaurkvevloba arRvevs, yvelas gvekisreba pasuxismgebloba, raTa adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi momavali SeviqmnaT. cxadia, rom dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi mravali gaurkveveli sakiTxi arsebobs.

dReisaTvis msoflio sazogadoebis momavals mravali safrTxe emuqreba. esenia: SimSli, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, bunebrivi katastrofebi, socialuri uTanasworoba, araTanabari pirobebi, zneobrivi dacemuloba, sulieri simdable, materialuri midrekilebebi, urwmunoeba, boroteba, arasakmarisad jansaRi garemo, gaurkvevloba ganaTlebisa da samarTlianobis sferoSi, istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebebis ganadgureba da sxva. garda amisa, am yvelafers emateba adamianebs Soris dialogis. tolerantobisa da Semwynareblobis Semcireba, gansxvavebuli azris devna da terori.

yvela es sakiTxi ara konkretuli regionis an erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed mTeli msoflios mosaxleoba raRac formiT, gaurkvevlobaSia Cafluli. am sakiTxebis mosagvarevlad ki xalxebs Soris urTierTobis gaRrmaveba da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis qmediTi miRwevebis Ziebaa saWiro.

sinamdvileSi, umTavresi aris is, rom Cvens xelT arsebul Rirebulebebs ver vamCnevT da Sesabamisad am RirebulebebiT ar vcxovrobT. gamomdinare aqedan, jer es Rirebulebebi unda aRmovaCinoT da yoveldRiurobaSi davnergoT. ueWvelia, rom CvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba islamia, romelic ramdenime aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gzas unaTebs.

dRes, adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mizniT SemuSavebuli, fsiqoTerapiis meTodebis qmediTunarianobisaTvis, ekologiuri problemebis, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis da sxva msgavsi gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg religiis mniSvneloba aSkaraa. islams gaaCnia saimiso SesaZlebloba, rom Tanamedrove gamowvevebs upasuxos. mas aqvs saimiso dinamika, raTa Tanamedrove msoflios axali formulirebebi SesTavazos.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni sarwmunoebis mier gadmocemuli brZanebebi da rCevebi, romlebic urTierTdaxmarebisa da tolerantobis principebis damkvidrebas uwyobs xels, yurad unda viRoT da adamianebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebi kargad gaviazroT da cxovrebis Wiri da lxini erTad vzidoT. Cveni cxovrebis stili socialuri urTierTTanadgoma unda iyos da bednieri momavlisTvis yvelam erTad vibrZoloT.

Sesavali

Cveni sarwmunoeba islami, adamians gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs da gvaswavlis, rom adamiani srulqmnili da amaRlebuli arsebaa.

„da vficav, Cven aRmatebul vhqmeniT adamis Svilni da miveciT saSualeba emogzauraT zRvasa da xmeleTze. Cven vuwyalobeT maT sikeTeni da upiratesvhyaviT isini sxva mraval Cvens gaCenilebTan SedarebiT!“ isra 70

garda amisa, islami aniWebs adamians fundamentur uflebebs da icavs maT. es uflebebia: sicocxlis ufleba, aRmsareblobis arCevis da Sesabamisad moqcevis ufleba, sakuTrebis ufleba, gadaadgilebis ufleba, fsiqikuri da fizikuri usafrTxoebis ufleba da sxv. islamis mixedviT adamianebisTvis, yvela es ufleba saerTo da daculia. am uflebebis mopovebisaTvis sakmarisia adamianad dabadeba, pirovnebis warmomavlobas, eTnikur kuTvnilebas, sqess, wodebas da mdgomareobas mniSvneloba ar eniWeba.

wm. adamidan moyolebuli yvela zeciuri religiis swavlebaSi saerTo xazi swored es uflebebia, romlebic dRes adamianis fundamentur uflebebis saxiTaa cnobili da romlebsac adamiani dabadebisTanave iZens. yvela am uflebis dacva zeciuri religiebis erT-erT ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens. am uflebebis winaaRmdeg usamarTlod warmoebuli brZola xSirad icvlida saxes da formas da Sesabamisad nebismier samarTlebriv sistemaSi am TvalsazrisiT reformebi xorcieldeboda. Tumca, isic unda vaRiaroT, rom Teoriulad yvela es ufleba daculia, magram praqtikulad am uflebebis uxeS darRvevis uamravi magaliTi arsebobs da isini, xSirad qaRaldzea darCenili.

im droSi, roca sazogadoebis klasobrivi dayofa misaRebi iyo da adamianebs eTnikuri kuTvnilebis, gvariSvilobis, kanis feris da msgavsi faqtorebis gamo ganasxvavebdnen, islamma Semoitana axali urTierTobebi da adamianis uflebebis dacvis sistema, romelic dResac ualternativo da ubadloa. adamians Tavisi Rirsebis Sesaferisi cxovrebis ufleba dabadebidan eniWeba, magram mogvianebiT mis cxovrebaSi Semodis sxvadasxva faqtorebi, rogoricaa simdidre, wodeba, mdgomareoba, avtoriteti da sxva. am procesSi adamiani ufro da ufro Sordeba maRal Rirebulebebs Tavisi modgmisTis saSiSi xdeba.

saxelmwifoebi sadac umravlesoba muslimia xSiria

adamianuri tragediebi da amis Sedegi SimSili, wyurvili, sisxlisRvra, cremli da ubedurebaa.

yvela is saqme da mcdeloba, romelic adamianis keTildReobas emsaxureba da mis uflebebs icavs wmida da dasafasebelia. adamianis uflebebisTvis brZola adamianis Rirsebis Sesaferisi cxovrebisTvis brZolas gulisxmobs. zeciuri religiebi, mecnieruli da filosofiuri kvlevebi swored rom am mimarTulebiT iRwvian. adamianis uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT gaweuli mcdeloba sasixaruloa , magram samwuxarod es yvelaferi sakmarisi ar gaxlavT.

Tanamedrove epoqis umTavres problemebs Soris sworedac rom adamianis uflebebis xelyofa warmoadgens. es imas niSnavs, rom kacobriobas am mxriv ufro gegmazomieri da xangrZlivi brZola sWirdeba.

winamdebare naSromi adamianis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebSi islamis perspeqtivas ganixilavs da am sferoSi gansaxorcielebel aqtivobebis ganmartebas isaxavs miznad.

I- adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi

adamianis fundamenturi uflebebis or nawilad gayofaa SesaZlebeli. is uflebebi, romlebic adamians imitom eniWeba, rom is adamiania da meore, is uflebebi, romlebsac adamiani piradi mcdelobis Sedegad moipovebs. magaliTad, sicocxlis ufleba yvela adamianis uflebaa, ganurCevlad rasisa, eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa, gvariSvilobisa, wodebis, aRmsareblobis da sxva msgavsi faqtorebisa. garda amisa arsebobs sxva uflebebi. magaliTad, arCeva, arCevnebSi monawileoba, zogierT sajaro samsaxurSi daniSvnis ufleba da sxva. es ukanaskneli adamianis pirovnul miRwevebze da mis saqmianobazea damokidebuli da Sesabamisad uflebebic aqedan gamomdinare warmoiSoba.

1- sicocxlis ufleba

adamianis uflebaTagan upirvelesi sicocxlis uflebaa. nebismieri cocxali arseba cdilobs gadarCes da safrTxisgan Tavis aridebas cdilobs. RmerTis mier naboZebi sicocxlis xelyofa aravis ufleba ar aris. im arsebis mokvdineba, romelic sxvas zians ar aZlevs ar SeiZleba. gansakuTrebiT ki adamianis usamarTlod mokvdinebaa didi danaSauli. islamis mixedviT adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa miutevebeli codvaa, radgan adamianis sicocxle wmida da xelSeuxebelia. am uflebis daRveva aravis prerogativa ar aris.

yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„amisTvisdavuwereT israilis SvilT, rom vinc mohklas adamiani ara adamianis wil da ara qveyanaze ukeTurobis gasawmendad, TiTqosda mTeli xalxi amoewyvitos. da vinc adamians sicocxles SeunarCunebs, TiTqosda mTeli xalxisTvis SeenarCunebinos sicocxle. vficav! Cveni Suamavalni ukve iyvnen maTTan misulni cxadi mtkicebaniT, magram amis Semdgomac, ueWvelad, bevri imaTgani mainc ganagrZobda dedamiwaze zRvargadasulobas.“ (maide 32)

es aiaTi naTeli dasturia imisa, Tu raoden mniSvnelobas aniWebs adamianis sicocxles islami. Semdeg aiaTSi ki nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„da ar mohklaT suli, romelic allahma akrZala, garda samarTlianobis aRdgenisTvis. da vinc mokluli iqna usamarTlod, maSin mis axlobels davudgineT ufleba, magram ar gadavides zRvars Surisgebisas. ueWvelad, igi Sewevnili iqneba!“ (isra 33)

adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa didi uflebadarRvevaa. aseve didi uflebadarRvevaa adamianis daWra, dazianeba, fizikuri, an fsiqologiuri zewola da sxva. garda amisa didi uflebadarRvevaa TviTmkvleloba da sxvisi TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana.

adamianis usamarTlod mokvdineba sazogadoebis simSvides arRvevs, Cndeba usamarTlobis gancda, gaxSirdeba kriminali da Tavdasxmebi, adamianebi erTmaneTs gadaemterebian, gamefdeba SurisZiebis da sisxlis aRebis tradiciebi da sxva. es yvelaferi ki sazogadoebaSi wesrigis moSlas gamoiwvevs. adamianis gadarCena da misi sicocxlis dacva ki sazogadoebaSi usafrTxoebis gancdas gaaRrmavebs da simSvide daisadgurebs. RmerTi, rogorc aiaTSia nabrZanebi, erTi adamianis sicocxles mTeli sazogadoebis sicocxled Tvlis da amdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. erT pirovnebaze usamarTlod moqceva ki mTel sazogadoebaze usamarTlod moqcevas niSnavs.

gaWirvebis SiSiT bavSvis gawirva, an quCaSi mitoveba, anu sasikvdilod gawirva, an kidev dedis mucelSi myofi nayofis mokvdineba, romelsac organoebi gamokveTli aqvs,ra Tqma unda, mkvlelobaa da Sesabamisad aramia. yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„da ar mohklaT Svilni Tqveni siRaribis SiSiT! maTac Cven vaZlevT sarCos da Tqvenac. ueWvelad, maTi mokvla mZime codvaa!“ (isra 31)

islamis mixedviT gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, roca saqme sicocxlis an janmrTelobis usafrTxoebas exeba, iseTi rameebic dasaSvebia, romlebic Cveulebriv situaciaSi kategoriulad akrZalulia. ufro metic, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi es vajibis doniT savaldebulo xdeba. es yvelaferi sworedac rom adamianis sicocxleze miniWebul mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs. magaliTad, Tu adamians mokvliT emuqrebian da aZaleben RmerTis uaryofas, SeuZlia mxolod sityvierad uaryos RmerTi da Tavi gadairCinos.

„garda maTi, visi gulic rwmeniT iyo gaJRenTili, magram iZulebuli gaxda , xolo vinc uaryo allahi mas mere, rac irwmuna, da guli gauxsna urwmunoebas, maSin maTzea risxva allahisgan da maTTvisaa didi sasjeli!“ (nahl 106)

garda amisa, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnil adamians, romelic sakvebs ver poulobs da safrTxe emuqreba, SeuZlia akrZaluli sakvebi miiRos. magaliTad, Roris xorci, leSi da msgavsi. aseT dros amgvar sakvebze uaris Tqma ufro met danaSaulad iTvleba.

„man xom mxolod leSi, sisxli da Roris xorci agikrZalaT Tqven da is, rac daikla allahis saxelis mouxsenieblad. xolo is, vinc iZulebuli iyos, da ar daarRvevs (sxvis) uflebas, da zRvars ar gadava , ar iqneba codvad maTTvis. ueWvelad, allahi Semwynarebelia, mwyalobelia!“ (baqara 173)

sicocxlis usafrTxoebaze esoden didi mniSvnelobis miniWebis mizezi isaa, rom yvela naxsenebi Rirebuleba swored rom adamianSi iyris Tavs. sarwmunoeba, goneba, qoneba, namusi da msgavsi fundamentaluri Rirebulebebi cocxali adamianisTvisaa mniSvnelovani da mxolod cocxali adamianis SemTxvevaSi iZens mniSvnelobas. sarwmunoeba da misi debulebebi cocxal adamianebs exeba. am da sxva WeSmaritebis gamo, islamSi adamianis sicocxles didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

Cveni sarwmunoebis mixedviT omSic ki garkveuli humanuri kanonebi moqmedebs. magaliTad, gaqceuli, daWrili, an danebebuli mowinaaRmdegis mokvla ar SeiZleba. aseve ar SeiZleba mokvla im adamianebis, romlebic omSi ar iRebdnen monawileobas. am sias emateba moxucebi, bavSvebi, qalebi, sasuliero pirebi da samuSaoze gasuli mSromelebi. dauSvebelia damnaSaveebisa da tyveebis wameba. aseve ar unda iqnas dazianebuli mcenareebi da naTesebi.

islami erTis mxriv udides mniSnelobas aniWebs adamianis sicocxles da meores mxriv mkvelobebis gamomwvevi mizezebis winaaRmdeg mravalgvar prevenciul zomebs mimarTavs. wm. Samavlis dros aikrZala sisxlis aRebis wesi, gvarebs Soris dapirispireba da axaldabadebuli qaliSvilebis cocxlad miwaSi damarxva. es mxolod da mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia rac im dros, am konkretuli mimarTulebiT gakeTda.

2- Tavisuflebis ufleba

adamianis cxovrebis safuZvels, Tavisufleba warmoadgens. adamiani Tavisufali ibadeba da Tavisuflad cxovrobs. adamianis Tavisuflebis ufleba dabadebisTanave warmoiSoba. Tu adamiani Tavisufali ar aris, mis bednierebaze saubari SeuZlebelia. adamiani roca Tavisuflebas dakargavs, mis ukan Rirebuli aRaraferi darCeba. monoba adamianis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa.

islami adamianis Rirsebas did mniSnelobas aniWebs. mniSneloba ar aqvs adamiani axalgazrda iqneba Tu moxuci, Zlieri Tu susti, mdidari Tu Raribi da a.S. islami yvelas „dedamiwis xalifad“ moixseniebs da yovel adamians adamianuri TvalsazrisiTac da RmerTis winaSec Tanaswori statusi gaaCniaT.

sinamdvileSi, erT adamianis mier meoris damoneba islamis ZiriTad mimarulebas, mis arss ar Seesabameba, radgan islamis mixedviT adamiani mxolod da mxolod RmerTs unda hmonebdes.

uxsovari droidan moyolebuli adamiani sxva sust adamians imonebda da ukiduresad Cagravda. adamianis es veluri sisuste ganapirobebda im faqts, rom adamianebi sxva adamianebs monad aqcevdnen warmoudgeneli Cagvris Sedegad eqspluatacias uwevdnen.

ueWvelia, rom monoba islamis periodSic iyo. islamis movlinebis periodSi mTel dedamiwaze monoba iyo gavrcelebuli da adamianebs pirutyvebiviT yiddnen. bunebrivia islami am yvelaferze Tvals ver daxuWavda. aseve monobis erTianad, erTi xelis mosmiT mospobac SeuZlebeli iyo. amis erT-erTi mizezi is iyo, rom zogi adamiani mTeli cxovreba monis statusiT cxovrobda da Tavis batons emsaxureboda. bunebrivia maT, rogorc adamianebs TavianT batonebTan gaweuli amdeni jafis samagierod garkveuli uflebebi hqondaT. islami swored am monebs gamoeqomaga da upirvelesad saqveynod ganacxada, rom monebic adamianebi iyvnen. yuranis mixedviT gaTavisuflebis msurveli monisTvis patrons xelis SeSla ekrZaleboda. garda amisa, arsebuli monebis Tavisuflebis xelSewyobis mizniT Segrovebuli zeqaTidan garkveuli nawili iyo gamoyofili.

„namusi daicvan maT, romelnic ver axerxeben daqorwinebas, im dromde, sanam allahi ar gaamdidrebs maT Tavisi madliT. da romelTac undaT miiRon wigni „azatobisa“ maTgan, visma marjvenamac moipova isini, mieciT maT is, Tu ipoveT masSi sikeTe da daasaCuqreT isini im qonebidan, romelic allahma Tqven giboZaT. ar daaZaloT Tqvens mona qalebs mruSoba, rom miiRon warmavali keTili, Tuki maT surT umwikvlobis SenarCuneba. da Tu vinme aiZulebs maT amas, allahi iZulebis Semdeg, ueWvelad, maTdami Semndobia, mwyalobelia! „ (nur 33)

„ueWvelad, mowyalebani savaldebuloa allahisgan da gankuTvnilia: upovarTaTvis, RatakTaTvis, aseve imaTTvis, vinc am saqmiTaa dakavebuli , visi gulebis mogebac SesaZlebelia , monaTaTvis , aseve vinc valSia, vinc allahis gzas adgas da mgzavrTaTvis. da allahi yovlismcodnea, brZenia!“ (Tevbe 60)

garda amisa islami xels uwyobda monebis gaTavisuflebis tendenciis damkvidrebas. magaliTad: vinc fics gatexda sasjelad monis gaTavisufleba evaleboda.

„da ar SeiZleba, morwmunem morwmune moklas, uneblie SemTxvevis garda . da vinc SemTxveviT moklas morwmune, daekisros erTi morwmune monis gaTavisufleba da sisxlis gamosasyidi misi ojaxisaTvis, Tu ara patiebisa. xolo Tu mokluli Tqveni mteri xalxisganaa da TviTon ki morwmune, maSin erTi morwmune monis gaTavisufleba. da Tu im xalxisganaa, visTanac SeTanxmeba gaqvT Tqven, maSin sisxlis gamosasyidi misi ojaxisaTvis da erTi morwmune monis gaTavisufleba; da visac ara moepoveba, maSin marxuloba zedized ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi allahis winaSe mosananieblad. da allahi yovlismcodnea, brZenia!“ (nisa 92)

„allahi Tqven ficSi fuWsityvaobisaTvis ar gangsjiT, magram gangsjiT imisaTvis, rasac ficSi aRuTqvamT . da misi gamosasyidi aTi upovris dapurebaa saSualod, riTac sakuTar ojaxs kvebavT , an maTi Semosva, an erTi monis gaTavisufleba. da visac ar moenaxeba , maSin sami dRis marxuloba. esaa gamosyidva Tqveni ficisa, roca gatexT. da daicaviT Tqveni daficeba! amgvarad gangimartavs allahi Tavis aiaTebs, egebis madlierni iqmneT Tqven!“ (maide 89) garda amisa ix. mujadele 2-4)

monebis uflebis dacvis mizniT Suamavali morwmuneebs ufro meti yuradRebisken mouwodebda da brZanebda:

„monebi Tqveni Zmebi arian. aWameT is, rasac Tqven miirTmevT. CaacviT is, rasac Tqven icvamT. ar amuSaoT mZime saqmeze. Tu mZime saqmes daavalebT, maSin Tqvenc daexmareT.“

3- sindisis dacvis ufleba

pirovnebis sindisi pativsacemia. sindisis dacva islamis ZiriTad uflebebSi Sedis da islami yvelas mouwodebs daicvan sindisi da Rirseba. wm. Suamavali brZanebda:

„yoveli muslimisTvis sxva muslimis sisxli, namusi da qoneba haramia. gulwrfeloba adamianis gulSia.“

Suamavali Tavis gamosamSvidobebel qadagebaSi (veda huTbe) sindisisa da Rirsebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT, erTob mniSvnelovan mowodebebs gadmogvcems:

„adamianebo, rogori wmindacaa es dReebi, rogori wmindacaa es Tve, rogori wmindacaa es qalaqi, iseTive wminda da xelSeuxebelia TqvenTvis Tqveni sicocxle, qoneba da namusi. isini daculia yovelgvari xelyofisgan“

4- sakuTreba da sakuTrebis dacvis ufleba

yovel adamians kanonisa da uflebebis dacvis farglebSi, legitimuri gzebiT, ufleba aqvs iSromos da qoneba daagrovos. amasTanave, pirovnebas ufleba aqvs aseve legitimuri gzebiT es qoneba gaamravlos da qonebisgan warmoSobili valdebulebebis (zeqaTi da sxv.) Sesrulebis Semdeg survilisamebr gamoiyenos.

pirovnebis uflebebi kanonis Sesabamisad daculi unda iyos. aravis aqvs ufleba sxvisi qoneba miiTvisos. adamianis qonebaze Tavdasxma Sromis xelyofaa. Sroma ki, islamis mixedviT, pativdebuli movlenaa. Sesabamisad qurdoba, yaCaRoba, Zarcva, TaRliToba da msgavsi qmedebebi, islamis mixedviT kategoriulad akrZalulia. amgvari gzebiT mopovebu qoneba ki haramia.

yuranSi RmerTi brZanebs:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! erTmaneTs Soris ukanonod ar miirTvaT Tqveni qoneba, mxolod vaWroba Tu iqneba urTierTTanxmobiT. da Tavi ar moiklaT. ueWvelad, allahi mowyalea Tqvendami!“ (nisa 29)

morwmune adamiani, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom erT dRes RmerTs winaSe warsdgeba da ganikiTxeba, sxvis qonebaze xeli ar waucdeba. morwmune adamiani pasuxismgeblobiT unda moekidos mezoblebTan miwis sazRvrebs da ar unda daarRvios. wm. Suamavali brZanebda:

„vinc usamarTlod, sxvisi kuTvnili adgilidan raimes aiRebs, gankiTxvis dRes, im adgilTan erTad, saidanac usamarTlod aiRo Svidjer ufro siRrmeSi CaiZireba.“

kerZo pirovnebis sakuTrebaSi myofi adgilidan raimis aReba rogori codvacaa, iseTive codvaa sazogadoebrivi an saxelmwifo kuTvnilebaSi arsebuli adgilidan raimis usamarTlod aReba. am ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi yvelas wilia, maT Soris Tundac mcirewlovani oblis da a.S.

5- wamebisgan dacvis ufleba

kacobriobis istoriis manZilze adamianebs Soris wameba da Cagvra dedamiwis nebismier wertilSi mcxovrebi xalxisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ram iyo. Tanamedrove msoflioSi jer kidev arsebobs msgavsi precendentebi, es ki sworedac rom adamianuri problemaa. nebismieri azri, romelic adamians mniSvnelobas aniWebs, mis wamebas ar eTanxmeba da wamebis, am, adamianisTvis Seuferebeli qcevis winaaRmdegia. wameba dRes saerTaSoriso, kacobriobis winaSe Cadenil danaSaulad iTvleba. amgvari midgoma asaxulia mraval saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebasa Tu gancxadebebSi.

wameba aris fizikuri an fsiqologiuri meTdebis gamoyenebiT adamianze zewola da mas garkveuli miznis misaRwevad iyeneben. wameba adamianis Rirsebas ar Seefereba da is adamians ukiduresad amcirebs.

islamma wamebis nebismieri forma da gamovlineba saukuneebis win akrZala.

wm. hadisis mixedviT RmerTi Tavisi monebis wamebas krZalavs. garda amisa hadisebiT cnobilia, rom wm. Suamavali omis drosac ki adamianebis wamebas krZalavda.

Suamavali aramarto adamianebis wamebas krZalavda. is cxovelebis mimarTac humanur mopyrobas gvirCevda. misi swavlebis mixedviT cxovelebis cema, wvaleba, mSivrad an mwyurvaled datoveba miuRebelia.

6- piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

adamianis fundamentaluri uflebebidan erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da misi saidumloebis uzrunvelyofaa. gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove epoqaSi, roca teqnikuri saSualebebi ase ganviTarebulia, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba xSrad irRveva. Cvens sarwmunoebaSi piradi cxovrebis saidumlos xelSeuxeblobis dacvis TvalsazrisiT ramodenime principia dadgenili. T am principebs garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT davalagebT, Semdeg saxes miiRebs:

naklis an dafaruli saidumlos moZieba da faruli sakiTxebis xalxSi gavrceleba akrZalulia.

islamSi termini „Tejessus“-i raimis saidumlos, dafaruli mxaris kvlevas niSnavs. zogadad es termini farusi, sasircxo saqmeebis Ziebis mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. arsebobs saidumlo, romlis gamxelac adamians fizikur, finansur an fsiqologiur zians moutans, an zianic rom ar moutanos, saidumlos patrons misi gamxela ar surs, aseT saidumlos gaqeqva da gamomJRavnebis mcdeloba miuRebelia. magaliTad: pirovnebis sabanko angariSis nomris gagebis mcdeloba, meuRlesTan Tanacxovrebis intimuri detalebis gageba, faruli miyuradeba, iseT adgilebSi SeRwevis mcdeloba, sadac ar undaT rom viyoT, sxvisi werilebis an gzavnilebis wakiTxva da sxva mravali msgavsi adamianis uflebebis xelyofis magaliTebia. wm. Suamavali amis Sesaxeb brZanebda:

„Tu Tqveni morwmune Zmis nawers nebarTvis gareSe daxedavT, es imis tolfasia TiTqos jojoxeTs daxedeT.“

islami sxvisi naklovanebebis da saidumloebebis gamomzeurebis mcdelobas uaryofiTad afasebs da amas pirad cxovrebaSi uxeS Carevad Tvlis. yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia.“ (hujuraT 12)

garda amisa, islami mogviwodebs davfaroT adamianebis nakli da mivutevoT maT. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom amgvari qceva RmerTis siyvarulamde migviyvans.

„romlebic gascemen WirSic da lxinSic, iokeben mrisxanebas, patioben xalxs. da allahs uyvars keTilismqmnelni!“ (ali imran 134)

wm. Sumavali brZanebda:

„vinc muslimis naklovanebas dafaravs, RmerTi gankiTxvis dRes mis naklovanebas dafaravs“.

im adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebic adamianTa saidumloebebis gamoaSkaravebas cdiloben da pirad cxovrebaSi iWyitebian, wm. Suamavali brZanebda, rom „maT eniT swamT, magram rwmenas maT gulebamde ar miuRwevia.“

dRes, roca teqnologiuri saSualebebi ase ganviTarebuli da gavrcelebulia, xSiria SemTxveva, roca ojaxuri saidumloebebi masmediaSic ki xvdeba da farTo sazogadoebas ecnoba. xdeba SemTxvevebi, roca adamians surs Tavisi piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb saidumlo sxvam aravin icodes, magram xdeba ise, rom mas milionobiT adamiani gebulobs. es mdgomareoba adamianis uflebebis seriozulad uxeSi darRvevaa.

b- sacxovrebeli adgilis xelSeuxebloba

sacxovrebeli adgilis xelSeuxebloba pirovnebis sacxovrebel adgilas, nebarTvis gareSe Sesvlis, Cxrekis, an raime nivTze xelis xlebis akrZalvas gulisxmobs. gamomdinare aqedan, nebarTvis gareSe pirovnebis sacxovrebel saxlSi Sesvla miuRebelia. mniSvneloba ar aqvs saxlSi Sesvlis mizani ra iqneba.

islami, adamianTa am uflebis dacvis mizniT ramodenime prevenciul RonisZiebas mimarTavs, romelTagan zogierTs SemogTavazebT:

1. saxlSi mxolod karebidan Sesvlaa nebadarTuli.

am sakiTxTan dakavSrebiT yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„gekiTxebian Sen axalmTvareTa Sesaxeb, upasuxe: is aris gansazRvruli vadebi xalxisTvis da hajisTvis. RvTismosaoba ar aris is, rom saxlebSi maTi ukana mxridan SexvideT. RvTismosaobaa, roca RvTismoSiSi xar. maS, SediT saxlebSi maTi karidan da geSinodeT allahis, egebis gadarCenilni iqmneT!“ (baqara 189)

am aiaTiT, umecrebis xanis erT-erTi cudi wesi aikrZala, roca saxlebSi karis garda sxva adgilebidan SeRweva xdeboda da es sacxovrebeli adgilis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas uxeSad arRvevda.

2. saxlebSi nebarTvis gareSe Sesvla akrZalulia.

piradi cxovrebis da sacxovrebeli adgilis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani nabiji, sacxovrebel adgilas nebarTvis gareSe Sesvlis akrZalvaa. saxlis mdgomareoba yovelTvis ar aris iseTi, rom sxvebis mier misi naxva SeiZlebodes. yuranSi, nuris suras 58-59-e aiaTebSi naTladaa miTiTebuli, rom pirovnebis saxlS unebarTod Sesvla miuRebelia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, roca maTTvis dasvenebis saaTebia. adamiani am dros SeiZleba iseT mdgomareobaSi iyos, rom ar surdes sxvebma es naxon.

1. „hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! dae, Tqveni marjveniT mopovebulma monebma da imaT, vinc srulwlovani ar gamxdara, Tqvengan nebarTva aiRon Semosvlaze samgzis: dilis locvamde, SuadRes, roca samoss ixdiT da saRamos locvis Semdeg. ai, sami Jami siSiSvlisa TqvenTvis. sxva SemTxvevaSi arc Tqven da arc maT codvad ar geTvlebaT erTmaneTTan mimosvla. ase gagimartavT Tqven allahi aiaTebs. rameTu allahi yovlismcodnea, brZenia!

2. roca Tqveni bavSvebi srulwlovanebas miaRweven, nebarTva aiRon Tqvengan, roca amas akeTeben maTze ufrosebi. ase gangimartavT Tqven allahi aiaTebs. rameTu allahi yovlismcodnea, brZenia! (nur 58-59)

Tu yuradRebas mivaqcevT, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba unebarTod saxlSi Sesvlisas irRveva. gamomdinare aqedan, islamis swavlulTagan zogierTma gamoitana daskvna, romlis Tanaxmadac, nebarTvis gareSe sxvis sacxovrebel saxlSi Sesvla igivea, rac sxvili qonebis xelyofa.

yuranS nabrZanebia Semdegi:

3. „hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! ar SexvideT saxlebSi, garda Tqveni saxlebisa, sanam ar iTxovT nebarTvas da ar miesalmebiT iq mcxovreblebs. es TqvenTvisvea ukeTesi, egebis SeigonoT!

4. da Tu veravis naxavT masSi, ar SexvideT, sanam nebas ar dagrTaven. da Tu getyvian „gabrundiT ukan!“ - wadiT. es umjobesia TqvenTvis. WeSmaritad, allahi uwyis imas, rasac akeTebT!“ (nur 27-28)

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSrebiT da sakiTxis ufro metad naTelsayofad wm. Suamavali brZanebda: „samjer daakakuneT. Tu nebarTva mogces, SediT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gabrundiT.“

gansakuTrebiT saintereso ambavi SeemTxva xalifa omars, romelic sakiTxTan pirdapir kavSirSia. gadmocemis Tanaxmad xalifa omari RamiT, medinaSi, kontrolis mizniT dadioda. erT-erT saxlTan SeCerda, saidanac simReris xma gamodioda. xalifa omari galavanze gadacocda da SigniT Sevida. SigniT moulodneli suraTi daxvda. saxlis patroni viRac ucxo qalTan erTad ijda da sufraze Rvinoc hqondaT. xalifa omari gabrazda da kacs uTxra: „hei, Sen! RmerTis mtero, codvas sCadixar da ggonia RmerTi ar gamogaaSkaravebs?!

kacma miugo: nu Cqarob muslimTa mbrZanebelo. me erTi codva Cavidine, Sen ki samjer Sescode.

kacma sami aiaTi waukiTxa:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan Tqvengan zogma sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia.“ (hujuraT 12)

„gekiTxebian Sen axalmTvareTa Sesaxeb, upasuxe: is aris gansazRvruli vadebi xalxisTvis da hajisTvis. RvTismosaoba ar aris is, rom saxlebSi maTi ukana mxridan SexvideT. RvTismosaobaa, roca RvTismoSiSi xar. maS, SediT saxlebSi maTi karidan da geSinodeT allahis, egebis gadarCenilni iqmneT!“ (baqara 189)

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! ar SexvideT saxlebSi, garda Tqveni saxlebisa, sanam ar iTxovT nebarTvas da ar miesalmebiT iq mcxovreblebs. es TqvenTvisvea ukeTesi, egebis SeigonoT!

kacma gaagrZela: Sen Cemi dafaruli nakli gamoikvlie, Semdeg saxlSi ara karebidan, aramed ukana mxridan Semoxvedi da arc Semosvlis neba giTxovia da arc momsalmebixar.

aseT pasuxis Semdeg xalifa omari dafiqrda da kacs sTxova: „me rom gapatio, Sen Tu mapatieb? gapatiebo, uTxra kacma. amis Semdeg xalifa omari mitrialda da uxmod wavida.

3. saxlis daTvaliereba nebarTvis gareSe akrZalulia.

saxlis patronis nebarTvis gareSe saxlS Sesvla miuRebelia. aseve miuRebelia saxlis daTvaliereba Tu patronis nebarTva ar aris. wm. Suamavali brZanebda: „nebarTvis gareSe sxvisi saxlis daTvaliereba aravis epatieba“.

g- Woraoba akrZalulia

Wori, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas arRvevs da is cudi saqcielia. Wori ZiriTadad maSin xorcieldeba, roca adresati ar aris da mis zurgs ukan saubroben. Wori, adamianebs Soris siyvaruls, pativiscemasa da urTierTgagebis grZnobas auqmebs da samagierod boRmas, siZulvilsa da mtrobas nergavs. Woris Sedegad adamianebi iseT ambebs avrceleben, ris gavrcelebasac Camdeni ar isurvebda da amgvarad es misi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRvevaa.

islamis mixedviT Wori sastikad akrZalulia da is leSis WamasTanaa Sedarebuli.

yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! savsebiT moerideT varauds, rameTu zogi varaudi codvaa. da ar gamoikvlioT erTimeoris Secdomebi da ar gakilos zurgsukan Tqvengan zogma sxvebi. gana surs Tqvengan romelimes, rom miirTvas xorci Tavisi mkvdari Zmisa? ra Tqma unda ver aitanT mas. maS, geSinodeT allahis! ueWvelad, allahi Semndobia, mwyalobelia.“ (hujuraT 12)

d- enis mitan-motana akrZalulia.

enis mitan-motana cudi saqcielia. erTi pirovnebis naTqvamis meoreze Tqma, romlis drosac am or adamians Soris konfliqtia mosalodnelia, miuRebelia.

enis mitana xSrad piradi cxovrebis gamomzeurebis saSualebaa. piradi cxovrebis detalebis xSrad am gziT vrceldeba. amis Taobaze yuranS nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„zurgs ukan mkilavs, sazizRari Woris gamavrcelebels, cilismwamebels,“ (yalem 11)

wm. Suamavali ki brZanebda:

„adamianebis wakidebis mizniT enis mimtani samoTxes ver eRirseba.“

mdgomareoba, roca piradi cxovrebis dafarulobis ugulebelyofa SeiZleba

arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca piradi cxovrebis dafarulobis ugulebelyofa SeiZleba. aseT situaciebi, zogadad sapatio mizezs an aucilebel mdgomareobas exeba. Semdeg situaciebSi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis principis darRveva SeiZleba:

1. roca saxlSi safrTxea, magaliTad xanZari, wyaldidoba, Camongrevis safrTxe da sxva, saxlSi unebarTod Sesvla SeiZleba. igive exeba qurdobis, Zarcvis SeTxvevaSic. Tu saxls Zarcvaven patronis nebarTvis gareSe Sesvla da ZarcvisTvis xelis SeSla SeiZleba.

2. garkveuli kanonis moTxovniTa da aseve kanonierebis dacviT sacxovrebel saxlSi Sesvla Cxreka misaRebia. aseT dros saxlis patronis mxridan nebarTvis gacema-ar gacema mniSvnelobas ar atarebs. aseT mdgomareobaSi, saxlSi myofebis gafrTxileba saWiroa, radgan mowesrigeba SeZlon.

3. profesiuli saqmianobidan gamomdinare zogierT pirovnebas ufleba aqvs piradi cxovrebis konkretul detalebs gaecnos. (magaliTad advokati, eqimi da sxva) bunebrivia am procesSic wesi da rigi daculi unda iyos.

7- gadaadgilebis, mogzaurobis, sacxovreblad damkvidrebis ufleba

usamarTlobis an Cagvris pirobebSi Cavardnili adamians ufleba aqvs moZebnos sando adgili, sadac usafrTxod iqneba da gadaadgildes. aseTi mdgomareoba romc ar iyos, nebismier adamians ufleba aqvs imogzauros da Tavisuflad gadaadgildes. SemogTavazebT aiaTebs, romelic am konkretul Temas exeba:

„da Cven ar wargvigzavnia Senamdec, Tu ara kacni sofelTa mkvidrTagan, romelTac zeSTavagonebdiT? gana, ar umogzauriaT qveyanaze? droa dainaxon! rogori iyo aRsasruli imaTi, romelnic maT uwin iyvnen, da uTuod samyofeli imqveyniuri ufro ukeTesia maTTvis, romelnic iyvnen RvTismoSiSni. imedia, gons moegebiT!“ (iusuf 109)

„igia, romelmac daadgina TqvenTvis dedamiwa morCilad. dae, iareT mis zurgze, rameTu masTanaa aRdgoma.“ (mulq 15)

8- religiisa da sindisis Tavisufleba

adamianis uflebebis xsenebisas, gonebaSi upirvelesad is Tavisufleba mogvdis, romelsac adamiani unda flobdes. Tavisuflebis yvelaze mTavari da Tanamedrove msoflioSi yvelaze metad kamaTis sagnad gamxdari religiis da sindisis Tavisuflebaa.

religiis da sindisis Tavisufleba sasurveli rjulis Tavisuflad arCevas da am rjulis Sesabamisad cxovrebas gulisxmobs. garda amisa, adamians unda SeeZlos rwmenis Sesabamisi codnis SeZena, sxvaze axsna da a.S.

rwmena, upirveles yovlisa Sinagani aRiareba da gulis saqmea. islami adamianebs aZlevs arCevanis uflebas an iwamon, an ara. yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„da uTxari: „WeSmariteba Tqveni RmerTisganaa, amis Semdeg vinc inebebs, irwmunebs da vinc inebebs, uaryofs. ueWvelad, Cven gavamzadeT usamarTloTaTvis cecxli, romelic garedan Semoertymeba maT. da Tu wyals moiTxoven, darwyulebuli iqneba wyliT, gamdnari liTonis dariT, romelic saxeebs“ (qehf 29)

yvelas aqvs ufleba survilisamebr iwamos. am sakiTxSi adamianis nebaze zemoqmedeba miuRebelia. adamianebs TavianTi nebis gaTvaliswinebiT ufleba aqvT iwamon, an ar iwamon. Tmca, RmerTi adamianebs mouwodebs iwamon, radgan man adamianebs goneba da azrovnebis unari mianiWa.

„da me ar gamiCenia jinebi da adamianebi, Tu ara Cemdami TayvaniscemisTvis.“ (zariaT 56)

gamomdinare aqedan, adamianma rom Tavisi nebiT airCios swori gza da iwamos, es misi gaCenis ZiriTadi mizania. am procesSi RmerTma adamiani marto ar datova da Suamavlebi mouvlina. es imitom, rom adamianma SeiZleba Tavisi gonebiT ver SeZlos ganasxvavos WeSmariteba da mcdari da amaSi sworedac rom Suamavlebi exmarebian.

islamSi daZaleba miuRebelia. misaRebia mxolod axsna, mowodeba, qadageba, rCeva-darigeba da sxva. yvela Suamavali, swored am mizniT iqna movlenili da isini amgvarad avrcelebdnen WeSmaritebas. am wminda movaleobis aRsrulebisas, Suamavlebi daZalebas, muqaras, zewolas da msgavs qmedebebs ar iyenebdnen. isini rCeviT, axsniT, qadagebiT, magaliTis micemiT da sxva humanuri meTodebiT akeTebdnen amas. kacobriobis istoriis manZilze mravlad aris imis magaliTebi, roca Suamavlebi zewolis magivrad humanur meTodebs iyenebdnen. mag:

1 „orive midiT faraonTan, ueWvelad, igi zRvars gadavida!

2 ase rom, uTxariT mas rbili sityva, egebis Seignos an SeSindes!“ (Taha 43-44)

aRniSnuli aiaTi am sakiTxis ganmartebisaTvis saukeTeso magaliTs warmoadgens.

adamianebze rwmenis daZaleba an kidev rwmenis ZaldatanebiT Secvlis mcdeloba marTebuli ar aris da principSi es SeuZlebelicaa. amis dasturi isaa, rom Suamavlebis movaleoba mxolod da mxolod sarwmunoebis axsna, qadageba da gavrceleba iyo.

yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„Sens RmerTs rom eneba, uTuod yvela erTbaSad irwmunebda, vinc ki dedamiwazea. maS, Sen aiZuleb xalxs, raTa iqmnen morwmuneni ?“ (iunus 99)

garda amisa, mraval aiaTSia gadmocemuli Tu rogor asrulebs Suamavali am wminda movaleobas, sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas. is mxolod axarebda adamianebs da afrTxilebda maT. Zaldataneba ki mis movaleobebSi ar Sedioda.

„uTxari: hei, xalxo! Tqven mogevlinaT WeSmariteba Tqveni RmerTisgan. vinc WeSmarit gzas daadgeba, ueWvelad, Tavis suls daadgens WeSmarit gzaze. da vinc cdunebas daadgeba, mxolod cdunebaSia Tavissave sazianod. da me ara var Tqvenda guSagi!.“ (iunus 108)

„da WeSmariteba igi Cven zegardmovavlineT. da WeSmaritebiT zegardmovlinda. Sen ki ar wargvigzavnixar, Tu ara maxaroblad da Semgoneblad.“ (isra 105)

„maS, Seagone, Sen xom mxolod Semgonebeli xar!

Sen ara xar maTze moZalade.“ (RaSie 21-22)

„mouwode Seni RmerTis gzisken sibrZniTa da keTili SegonebiT, ekamaTe maT saukeTeso meTodiT. ueWvelad, Seni RmerTi ukeT uwyis, Tu vin acda Tavis gzas da ukeT uwyis WeSmarit gzaze myofT!“ (nahl 125)

„iZuleba araa sarwmunoebaSi. WeSmariti gza naTlad gamoirCa cdomilisgan. maS, vinc uaryos taRuTi (eSmaki da eSmakiseuli gza) da iwamos allahi, ueWvelad, is myar sayrdens aris CaWidebuli, romlis ngreva SeuZlebelia. ueWvelad, allahi yovlismsmenia, yovlismcodnea.“ (bayara 256)

wm. Suamavali sxva religiis warmomadgenlebs TavianTi rwmenis Sesabamisi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebisas xels ar uSlida. wm. Suamavlis es praqtika mis Semdgom periodSic grZeldeboda. ase iyo osmaleTis saxelmwifoSic. sxva religiebis warmomadgenlebs religiuri ritualebis Sesrulebis sruli ufleba hqondaT.

Tumca, islamis mixedviT, im adamianebs, romlebsac crurwmenebi gaaCniaT, am crurwmenebis Sesaxeb lamazi formiT saubari da rCevis micema mniSnelovani movaleobaa. es ukanaskneli rwmenis Tavisuflebis SezRudvad ar unda iqnes miCneuli. aq ar aris Zaldataneba da raime msgavsi.

garda amisa, muslimebs aramuslimebis siwmindeebis Seuracxyofa ekrZalebaT da es, islamur sazogadoebaSi rwmenis Tavisuflebis naTeli gamovlinebaa. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„da ar gaukicxoT, romelTac isini mouxmoben allahis garda, mere mtrobiT zRvars gadavlen da uvicobiT allahs daaZageben egeni. da ase movukazmeT Cven yovel ers Tavisi saqmeni. mere TavianT RmerTTanaa maTi mibruneba. maSin acnobebs maT, rasac isini sCadiodnen.“ (enam 108)

9- gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

sakuTari azris qonis da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba adamianis yvelaze bunebrivi uflebaa. adamians, sxva arsebebisgan es Tviseba ganasxvavebs. amis gamoa, rom RmerTi yuranSi adamianebs mudmivad mouwodebs gonebas mouxmon. magaliTisTvis Semdeg aiaTs SemogTavazebT:

„ueWvelad, caTa da dadamiwis gaCenaSi, dRe-Ramis cvlaSi, da gemebSi, zRviT rom mimoaqvT rac adamianebs sWirdebaT; da wyalSi, romelic allahma ciT moavlina da gaacocxla miwa misiT sikvdilis mere da yvelanairi cxoveli mimofanta masze; qarebis monacvleobaSi da morCil RrublebSi, casa da miwas Soris saswaulebia im xalxisTvis, romelnic gonebas mouxmoben.“ (bayara 164)

islamis istoriaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki pirvel xanebSi sakuTari azris qonis da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis gavrceleba da amis SemdgomSi msoflio praqtikaSi damkvirdeba sayovelTaod cnobili movlenaa. islamis istoriaSi sakuTari azris qona mxolod religur sakiTxebs ar exeboda da is sxva cxovrebiseul sakiTxebsac moicavda.

isalmis istoria savsea magaliTebiT, roca sxvadasxva mosazrebis Widili mimdinareobda da es yvelaferi werilobiTi saxiT aris Semonaxuli. Camoyalibda sxvadasxva mimdinareobebi da rogorc rwmenis, ise samarTlebrivi skolebi. rogorc cnobilia, islamis istoriaSi „iCTihadis“ instituts mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. iCTihadi aris islamis swavlulTa mier, im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis mcdeloba, romelTa Sesaxeb mtkice debuleba ar arsebobs. gamomdinare aqedan, iCTihadi gonebrivi procesia, romlis drosac adamianis azrovneba wamyvan rols TamaSobs. iCTihadis dros azris Tavisuflad dafiqsireba da kamaTi normaluri procesia.

wm. Suamavali Tavisufali azris dafiqsirebas xels uwyobda da adamianebs azrovnebisken mouwodebda. is ambobda, rom Tu swavluli, an mosamarTle iCTihadis gziT daskvnas gamoitanda da es daskvna swori aRmoCndeboda, es ormagad madli iyo, Tu is Secdeboda, erT madls mainc imsaxurebda. amgvari gancxadebiT Suamavali azris gamoxatvas mniCvnelobas aniWebda da adamianebSi azris gamoxatvis motivacias amaRlebda.

azrovneba da naazrevis dafiqsireba, islamSi mxolod ufleba ki ar aris, aramed movaleobacaa. yoveli muslimis valia adamianebs sikeTisken mouwodos da es, mxolod da mxolod azris gaziarebis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli. yuranSi, ebraelebi swored amitom arian gakritikebuli, rom isini am sakiTxs arasakmarisi seriozulobiT ekidebodnen.

„urwmunoni, romelnic arian israilis SvilTa Soris, dawyevlili arian davudis da Risas, mariamis Svilis piriT. es imisaTvis, rom urCni iyvnen da zRvars gadadiodnen,

isini ar ukrZalavdnen erTmaneTs cud saqmianobas. raoden sazizRrobaa is, rasac isini sCadiodnen!“ (maide 78-79)

10- ganaTlebis miRebis Tavisufleba

islami, upirveles yovlisa ganaTlebis religiaa. amas mowmobs pirveli aiaTic, romelic iwyeba brZanebiT: „waikiTxe“. garda amisa sxva mraval aiaTSia saubari codnis mniSvnelobaze.

1 „ikiTxe, Seni RmerTis saxeliT, romelmac gaaCina !

2 man gaaCina adamiani Sededebuli sisxlisgan!

3 ikiTxe! RmerTi Seni usasrulo keTilSobilebis patronia,

4 romelmac kalmiT (wera) Seaswavla!

5 Seaswavla adamians is, rac man ar icoda!“ (sura alay 1-5)

„gana is, vinc morCilad atarebs Ramis saaTebs, sejdeze garTxmuli an mdgomi, ufrTxildeba saiqios da sasoebs wyalobas Tavisi RmerTisgan, uTxari: „gana Tanasworni arian ganswavlulni da uvicni?!“ ueWvelad, Seigoneben mxolod brZenkacni, WkuasakiTxni!“ (zumer 9)

islamis Suamavalic swored Sesabamisad moiqca. is yovelTvis uxsnida xalxs Tu raodeni mniSvneloba hqonda codnasa da ganaTlebas. amasTanave man aswavla adamianebs, rom codnis SeZenis ufleba yvelas Tanabari hqonda da am TvalsazrisiT sqess, an sxva faqtors mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda.

Suamavali meqadan medinaSi roca gadavida, upirveles yovlisa meCeTi aago da Semdeg meCeTis ukana nawilSi saswavlo centri gaxsna, sacad msurvelebi codnas euflebodnen.

imis dasturad, Tu raoden did mniSvnelobas aniWebda Suamavali ganaTlebas da codnis miRebas, mravali hadisi arsebobs.

medinaSi moRvaweobis periodSi Suamavali Zalian bevrs cdilobda, rom muslimTa Soris rac SeiZleba meti werakiTxvis mcodne yofiliyo da medina saswavlo centrad eqcia. bediris brZolis dros tyved Cavardnil urwmunoTagan vinc wera-kiTxva icoda Suamavalma daaval TiToeuls 10 muslimi bavSvisTvis wera-kiTxva eswavlebina, xolo amis Semdeg tyveobidan gaaTavisuflebda. garda amisa, Suamavali sxvadasxva regionebSi mcodne adamianebs agzavnida, raTa iq mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis eswavlebinaT. amgvar saganmanaTleblo procesSi aramarto mamakacebi, qalebic iRebdnen monawileobas. Suamavalma icoda, rom ganaTlebis mireba qalebis bunebrivi uflebac iyo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom yurani mravalgzis gvafrTxilebs da Suamavalic saukeTeso magaliTebs iZleoda, dRes, 21-e saukuneSi mcdari Segnebis matarebelni gogonebis swavlis winaaRmdeg gamodian. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom Cveni Svilebi, gogo iqneba Tu biW, diadi RmerTis mier CvenTvis boZebuli saCuqrebi arian, romlebic bednierebis da sixarulis wyarod unda migvaCndes. maTdami moqceva, maTdami gamocenili mzrunveloba maTi sqesis gamo gansxvavebuli ar unda iyos. isini Tanabarni arian da erTis ufleba, meoris uflebaze meti an naklebi ar unda iyos. Sesabamisad, gogonebis mimarT uyuradReboba, maTi memkvidreobis, an ganaTlebis gareSe datoveba islamis safuZvlebs ar Seesabameba.

wm. Suamavali imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWebda ganaTlebas, rom Tavisi megobrebidan zogierTs arabulis garda sxva enebis Seswavla daavala.

garda amisa, Suamavali ganswavlul xalxs avaldebulebda TavianTi codna sxvebisTvis gadecaT. codnis damalva ki miuReblad scno. codnis damalva, adamianis codnis miRebis Tavisuflebis erTgvari SezRudvaa. wm. Suamavali afrTxilebda iseT adamianebs, romlebsac codna gaaCndaT da amas sxvebs ar uziarebdnen.

wm. Suamavali brZanebda, rom im swavlulebis keTili saqmeni, romlebic sasargeblo mecnierul Sromas ewevian da amas sxvebsac Seaswavlian sikvdilis Semdeg ar dasruldeba da maTi jildos xarisxi mudmivad umjobesdeba. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb SemogTavazebT hadiss:

„adamianis sikvdilis Semdeg misi saqmeni wydeba. mxolod sami adamianis madliani saqmeni gagrZeldeba: pirveli; adamiani, romelic skolas, meCeTs, wyals, saavadmyofos da msgavs saqvelmoqmedo ramis agebaSi miiRebs monawileobas. meore: sasargeblo codnas vinc gaavrcelebs. mesame: adamiani, roemlic sasargeblo Svils aRzrdis da es Svili misTvis RmerTs Seevedreba. „

11- Sromis ufleba

Sroma da Sromis Sedegad sargeblis miReba, adamianebis rogorc ufleba ise movaleobacaa. islami adamianebs Sromisken mouwodebs da sxvebze tvirTad dawolas miuReblad miiCnevs.

yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„ da rom arferia adamiani, garda iRvwoda rasac.

da ueWvelad, garja misi sul male danaxul iqneba.“ (nejm 39)

wm. Suamavali mudmivad Sromis da sarCos mopovebisken mouwodebda Tavis mimdevrebs da samaTxovrod xelis gawodebas mouwonar saqcielad Tvlida. am Temas Semdegi hadis ufro met naTels hfens:

„aravis ar uWamia imaze sasargeblo lukma, rasac xelis SromiT moipovebT.“

mSromel adamianebs TavianTi naSromis sazRauri aucileblad unda mieceT. Suamavali brZanebda, rom muSas gasamrjelo oflis gaSrobamde unda mieceso.

garda amisa, Suamavali morwmuneebs mouwodebda xelqveiTebs da maTze damokidebul adamianebs kargad mopyrobodnen:

„isini Tqveni Zmebi arian. aWameT is, rasac Tqven miirTmevT. CaacviT is, rasac Tqven icvamT. ar amuSaoT mZime saqmeze. Tu mZime saqmes daavalebT, maSin Tqvenc daexmareT.“

mSromeli adamianis Sromis adekvaturi gasamrjelos gadaxda, droulad gadaxda, samuSao saaTebis normaluri ganrigi da samuSao pirobebis normaluroba Sromis uflebis dacvis elementebia.

Sromis uflebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT erT erTi mniSvnelovani momenti samuSaoze ayvanaa. am dros profesionalizms unda mieqces yuradReba. roca saqmis ukeTesi mcodne arsebobs, raRac sxva mizezebis gamo saqmis naklebad mcodnis sasargeblod arCevani ar unda gakeTdes. am dros adamianebi ar unda ganvasxvavoT erovnebis, religiis da msgavsi faqtorebis gamo. amis ugulebelyofa Sromis uflebis darRvevadaa miCneuli. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmogidgenT hadiss:

„roca arsebobs saqmis ufro ukeT mcodne da ufro Rirseuli pirovneba, axloblobis gamo sxvisi arCeva Ralatia RmerTis, Suamavli da mTeli muslimebis.“

am hadisSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebi termini „Ralati“-a, radgan arasando adamianebze saqmis Cabareba mxolod saqmis ukeT mcodneTa uflebebis SezRudva ki ar aris, aramed aseTi qmedeba mTeli sazogadoebis Ralatia. erTis mxriv es aris pirovnebis uflebis, xolo meores mxriv sazogadoebis uflebis darRveva.

amrigad, Sromis ufleba ZiriTadad Sromis Tavisuflebas, adamianebisTvis samuSaod Tavisufali garemos Seqmnas, samuSaoze miRebisas jansaR konkurencias da samarTlianobis msgavs mraval sakiTxs moicavs.

II- uflebebis gamoyeneba da SezRudva

islamis mixedviT uflebebis absoluturad gamoyeneba ar arsebobs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, uflebebis gamoyenebisas garkveuli SezRudvebis daweseba gardauvalia. sazogadoebaSi, Zlierebis gverdiT sustebis Tanasworuflebianobis saWiroeba, uflebebis absoluturad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg erT-erTi dabrkolebaa. gamomdinare aqedan, uflebebis gamoyeneba samarTlianobis da socilauri miznebis Sesabamisad unda moxdes.

islamis mixedviT ufleba ar gaxlavT TviTmizani. ufleba miznis ganxorcielebisTvis dadgenili RvTiuri wyalobaa. es imas niSnavs, romuflebebis gamoyeneba uflebis momniWeblis mier dadgenil farglebSi unda ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, adamians ufleba aqvs sakuTari fuli survilisamebr daxarjos, magram aq aris SezRudvebi. mas ufleba ar aqvs iseT saqmeSi gamoiyenos, rac sarwmunoebiT akrZalulia. ase rom es ufleba absoluturi ar aris. am SemTxvevaSi fulis xarjvis uflebas zRudavs garkveuli kanoni. ufro Tu davakonkretebT, pirovnebas ufleba aqvs sakuTari fuli xarjos, magram ufleba ar aqvs es fuli yumarSi waagos an uyairaTod gaaniavos. yumari da fulis uyairaTod ganiaveba islamis mixedviT aralegitimuri qmedebebia. garda amisa, adamianis qonebis xarjvis absolutur uflebas zRudavs zeqaTis valdebulebac.

uflebebis borotad gamoyenebis albaTobac uflebebis SezRudvis saWiroebas ganapirobebs. erTis uflebis gamoyenebiT meoris ufleba ar unda irRveodes. wm. Suamavali brZanebda: „ar miayenoT ziani. ar miayenoT ziani zianis wil.“

es hadisi, zogadad, zianis momtan nebismier qcevas krZalavs. magaliTad, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba gasagebia, magram aman sxvebi ar unda Seuracxyos da ar unda Seawuxos. aseve ar unda gamoiwvios adamianebis danaSauliken waqezeba da areulobis provicireba.

da bolos,

RmerTma Seqmna adamiani, raTa adamians Tayvani eca misTvis da amasTanave daakisra valdebulebebi. adamianma es valdebulebebi yvelaze idealurad rom Seasrulos, garkveuli uflebebiT aRWurva sWirdeba. adamianze miniWebulma uflebebma, misi, sulierad da fizikurad jansaRi, Tavisufali cxovrebis SesaZlebloba unda uzrunvelyos. Tu adamiani sulierad da fizikurad Tavisufali da daculi ar iqneba, misgan amqveyniuri valdebulebebis srulyofilad Sesruleba SeuZlebeli iqneba. am uflebebs dRes adamianis fundamentaluri uflebebi ewodeba.

ZiriTadi uflebebis TvalsazrisiT yvela adamianis Tanasworobis miuxedavad msoflio istoria savsea am uflebebis uxeSi darRvevis magaliTebiT da es realoba dResac aqtualuria. ufro metic, dRes es tendenciebi ufro gansxvavebul maStabebs moicavs da politikuri da ekonomikuri motivebiT ugulebelyofilia araTu adamianTa da cxovelTa uflebebi, aramed momavali Taobis uflebebic „ipoTekis“ qveSaa. swored amitom, dRes ufro gvWirdeba Rirebulebebi, romlebic amosaval wertilad adamians aiReben. iseTi Rirebulebebi, roca gansxvavebuli mtrad ki ara, simdidred aRiqmeba. adamianTa urTerTobebi sandoobasa da samarTlianobaze unda iyos damyarebuli.

dRevandel msoflioSi adamianis uflebis darRveva sakmaod xSiria. realobis gaTvaliswinebiT ufro da ufro saWiro xdeba dedamiwaze damkvidrdes samarTlianobis da kanonierebis iseTi codna, romelsac wm. Suamavali gvaswavlis.

maSin, rodesac kacobrioba absoluturi umecrebis, borotebis da uimedobis morevSi curavda, islamis movlinebiT kacobrioba xelaxla gamococxlda. es imitom, rom RvTiuri gzavnilis safuZvelSi yovelTvis adamiani, misi bedniereba da adamianisadmi pativiscema iyo. am Rirebulebebis mTavari elementebi samarTlianobis pativiscema, urTierTsiyvaruli, RvTismsaxureba, Semwynarebloba da zneobriobaa.

ukve eWvi aRar arsebobs, rom kacobrioba sasurvel simSvidesa bednierebas mxolod da mxolod islamis universaluri gzavnilebis gaTvaliswinebiT miaRwevs.

RmerTi yuranSi brZanebs:

„hei, Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! SeismineT allahisa da misi Suamavlisa, roca mogiwodeben imisken, rac sicocxles ganiWebT . da icodeT, rom allahi aRwevs adamiansa da mis guls Soris da ueWvelad, masTan iqnebiT Sekrebilni !“ (enfal 24)

aiaTSi naTlad aris miTiTebuli, rom RvTiuri gzavnilebi sicocxles gvaniWebs. am TvalsazrisiT Zalzed mniSvnelovania wm. Suamvalis sityvebi:

„adamianebo, Tqveni sisxli, qoneba da namusi xelSeuxebelia, daculia.“

am hadisiT Cans, rom adamianis suli, qoneba da namusi wmindaa da is xelSeuxebelia. es gzavnili Suamavalma mTel kacobriobas amcno.

garda im ZiriTadi uflebebisa, (sicocxlis, sakuTrebis, religiis, gamoxatvis da sxv.) adamians ufleba aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da janmrTelobis usafrTxoebis msgavsi sikeTeebiT Tanabrad isargeblos. amgvari garemo da xedva yvela saRad moazrovne adamianis saerTo molodinia.

garda amisa didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tolerantobisa da dialogis garemos, romelic gulisxmobs mimteveblobas, gagebas, urTierTdaxmarebas da sxva msgavs faqtorebs da es yvelaferi mogvcems saimiso saSualebas, rom Tavi davicvaT adamianis RirsebisaTvis Seuferebeli, Seuwynarebeli da xifaTiT aRsavse cxovrebisgan.

am TvalsazrisiT yoveli adamiani sul mcire im doziT mainc unda fiqrobdes sxvis uflebebze, rogorc sakuTarze. aramarto adamianis, cxovelTa da mcenareTa uflebebis dacvaT unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli da uzrunvelyofili. arc erT suliers ar unda mivayenoT tkivili da ar unda gavawvaloT. swored esaa muslimi, adamiani, romlis enisgan da arc xelisgan, safrTxe aravis emuqreba.

„visac mezobeli mSieri yavs da TviTon maZRari iZinebs, Cveniani ar aris“

„rasac sakuTari TavisTvis isurvebT Tu igive morwmune Zmasac ar usurveT, morwmuned ar CaiTvlebiT. „

„yvela is saqme, romlis keTebisas guli mousvenrobas grZnobs, codvaa“.

es da sxva mravali hadisi naTlad metyvelebs, Tu rogor mniSvnelobas aniWebda Suamavali adamianis Sinagani sindisis sazomebs da rogori saWiroa adamianis qcevebis gawrTvna. Cven, Suamavlis mimdevrebi varT. amitom, gansxvavebiT erovnebis, rasis, aRmsareblobis, sqesis, mdgomareobisa da sxva nebismieri msgavsi faqtorisa, yvelas ZiriTadi ufleba unda davicvaT. Cven unda vTxovoT samyaros Semoqmeds, rom SegvaZlebinos am uflebebis dacva da adamianis RirsebisTvis Sesaferisi garemos Seqmna, sadac erTeulebis sindisi xma universalurad mgrZnobiare erT sindisad gadaiqceva da qveyanaze jansaRi azrovneba da samarTlianoba damkvidrdeba.

mTel qveyanaze samarTlianobis damkvidrebis, adamianis uflebebis meti pativiscemis, siyvarulis da bednierad cxovrebis survilebiT...