prof. doq. Temel ieSiliurTi

fanatizmi

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საერთაშორისო საქველმოქმედო ფონდი muslim-georgia

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დოქ. ფატიჰ ქურთი

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ნაწარმოების განმხილველი კომისიის გადაწყვეტილება: 05.02.2020/33

ISBN: 978-605-7751-81-2
2020-06-Y-0003-1766
სერთიფიკატის ნო: 12930
1. გამოცემა, ანკარა 2020

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„ori axalgazrdas kamaTi ufro da ufro mwvave xdeboda. maTgan erTi medineli, xolo meore meqeli iyo. orive maTgani salaSqrod iyvnen wasulebi da iq Sexvdnen. kamaTis mizezi meqeli biWis xumroba gaxda. is medinels uknidan miepara da xumrobiT daartya, magram am xumrobam medineli araTu ar gaamxiarula, piriqiT, Zalian gaabraza.

kamaTi male CxubSi gadaizarda. maT erTmaneTi brZolaSi gamoiwvies. sanam Seibmebodnen medinelma „ensarebs“ (medineli adgilobrivebi) dauZaxa momeSveleTo, xolo meqelma, Tavis mxriv meqel muhajirebs uxmo. aseTi meTodi arabebisTvis kargad nacnobi ram iyo. es iyo Tavisianebis moxmoba, rac umecrebis xanis tradicia gaxldaT. konfliqtis dros yvela Tavis gvaris xalxs dauZaxebda da yvelani brZolaSi ebmebodnen. es imdenad fanatikuri xasiaTis tradicia iyo, rom am daZaxebaze aravin kiTxulobda mtyuansa da marTals, arc samarTlianobas arad agdebdnen da yvelani brmad ebmebodnen brZolaSi. es mowodeba mianiSnebda, rom gvari yvelaferze maRla idga da es ori axalgazrda wlebis Semdeg isev aJRerebda am mowodebas. maTi es Zaxili Suamavlma gaigona da SemTxvevis adgilze mivida. es umecrebis xanis mowodeba saidan movidao, ikiTxa man. xalxma uTxra, rom es ar iyo umecrebis xanis mowodeba da axalgazrdebma mxolod ikamaTes. kargio, Tqva Suamavalma da iq myofebs mimarTa: „adamiani, mCagvreli iqneba Tu Cagruli, Zmas unda daexmaros. Tu mCagvrelia, misi usamarTloba unda SeaCeros. misTvis es daxmarebaa. Tu Cagrulia masac unda daexmaros“. (muslim, bir ve sila 62)

Suamavalma brma fanatizms saSualeba ar misca da iq myofebs uTxra, rom mTavari Tanamorwmune Zmoba iyo. ra pirobebic ar unda iyos, muslimi mCagvrels win unda aRudges, daCagruls ki- daexmaros“.

ra aris fanatizmi?

islami ukanaskneli da srulyofili sarwmunoebaa. is monoTeistur rwmenazea formirebuli. islamis rwmenis sistemis safuZvelSi RmerTis arsebobisa da erTaderTobis rwmena dgas. islamis mizania kacobrioba am centrs daukavSiros da Seqmnas iseTi individebi da sazogadoeba, romlebic am „ Senobis kedlebSi“ mtkice agurebis rols itvirTaven.

islamuri sazogadoeba Tavs aridebs yvela tipis zRvarsgadasulobas. mas aqvs myari mimarTuleba, romlis ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli zomierebaa. am TemasTan dakavSirebiT yuranSi nabrZanebia Semdegi:

„da amgvarad dagadgineT Tqven Sua (samagaliTo) Temad, raTa mowmeni iyoT adamianTa mimarT da Suamavali mowme iyos Tqvens mimarT. da davadgineT yible, romliskenac ideqi mxolod imitom, rom gamogvecno (gamogvemJRavnebina) vin mihyveba Suamavals da vin gabrundeboda ukan quslebze Semdgari. sworedac mZime iyo es, magram ara imaTTvis, romelnic swor gzas daayena allahma. allahi ar dagikargavT Tqvensave rwmenas. ueWvelad, allahi lmobieri da mwyalobelia xalxis mimarT“. (bayara 2/143)

islamuri
sazogadoeba
Tavs aridebs
yvela tipis
zRvarsga dasulobas.
mas aqvs myari
mimarTuleba,
romlis
ZiriTadi
ganmsazRvreli
zomierebaa.

„Sua Temi“ niSnavs arcerT mxares zedmetad gadaxrils, sworad, zomierad mavals. aseTi xalxi RvTis mier dadgenil wesebs gulwrfelad asrulebs da yvela saqmes zomierebis farglebSi akeTebs.

gadaWarbeba, zRvars gadasvla, sityviT, fiqriT da qceviT SeiZleba, Tumca zRvarsagadasuloba aseve SesaZlebelia religiasa da religiis gagebis sakiTxSic.

gamomdinare aqedan, muslimi valdebulia yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi SeinarCunos zomiereba da jansaRi midgomebi da aseve zomiereba unda icodes religiur cxovrebaSic da zRvars ar unda gadavides. yurani brZanebs, rom WeSmaritebis xazi ar unda gadavkveToT. RvTis mier dadgenil zRvars vinc gadava, RvTiur sasjels daimsaxurebs:

fanatizmi aris mdgomareoba,
romlis drosac adamiani raimis
mimarT brmad damokidebuli xdeba
da imis garda yvelafers uaryofs.

„uTxari Sen: hei, RvTiuri wignis mflobelno! zRvars nu gadaxvalT Tqvens rwmenaSi WeSmaritebis winaaRmdeg da nu ayvebiT im xalxis survilebs, vinc Tqvens uwin acda WeSmaritebas da sxva bevric Seiyvana SecdomaSi, da gadamcdara swor gzas.

urwmunoni, romelnic arian israilis SvilTa Soris, dawyevlili arian davudis da Risas, mariamis Svilis piriT. es imisaTvis, rom urCni iyvnen da zRvars gadadiodnen“, (maide 5/77-78)

Suamavali ki brZanabs: „sarwmunoebaSi zRvarsgadasulobas moerideT, radgan sarwmunoebaSi zRvarsgadasulobam Tqvenze adrindelebi gaanadgura“. (nesai, haj, 5/217)

sami sahabe dainteresda, Tu ramden RvTismsaxurebas asrulebda Suamavali saxlSi yofnisas. rodesac informacia miiRes, maT Tqves: „sad Cven da sad Suamavali, mas xom warsulisa da momavlis yvela SesaZlo codva mitevebuli aqvs“, amitom erTma gadawyvita yoveli Rame locvaSi gaetarebina. meorem gadawyvita yoveldRe uwyvetad emarxula, xolo mesamem Tqva qals ar gavekarebio da gadawyvita ar daqorwinebuliyo.

rodesac Suamavalma maTi es gadawyvetileba gaigo, ar mouwona, piriqiT, usayvedura da zomierebisken mouwoda: „es Tqven xarT, romlebmac aseTi ram TqviT? frTxilad iyaviT. vficav RmerTs, Cvens Soris RvTis winaSe yvelaze mokrZalebuli me var. Tumca me zogjer vmarxulob, zogjer ki -ara. namazsac vloculob da kidevac mZinavs. qalzec vqorwindebi. vinc Cems sunneTs ar mihyveba Cemiani ar aris“. (buhari, niqah 1; muslim, niqah 5)

adamianis cxovrebaSi zRvarsgadasulobis yvelaze mkafio gamovlineba fanatizmia. fanatizmi aris mdgomareoba, romlis drosac adamiani raimis mimarT brmad damokidebuli xdeba da mis garda yvelafers uaryofs. bunebrivia aq religiuri mimarTulebiT mtkice gadawyvetilebas, an dadebiTi mniSvnelobiT uryev rwmenas ar vgulisxmobT. fanatizmi amis miRma mdgomareobaa. religiaSi Rrma rwmena da gulwrfeli damokidebuleba saWiro da misasalmebelia. Tumca, fanatizmi is SemTxvevaa, rodesac adamiani WeSmaritisa da mcdaris gauazreblad, yovelgvari codnisa da kvlevis gareSe, raimis mimarT brmad aris damokidebuli da sxva yvelafris mimarT gacxadebul mtrobas avlens.

mimdinareobisa
da
seqtis
mimarT
brma damokidebuleba,
yovelgvari
kvlevis gareSe
WeSmaritia
Tu
mcdari,
aris fanatizmi.

religiuri fanatizmi dakavSirebulia islamamdeli periodis arabul tradiciebTan. mogexsenebaT, islamamdel arabeTSi sazogadoebrivi wyobileba gvarovnul principze iyo dafuZnebuli. tradiciis mixedviT erTi gvaris warmomadgenlebi mtris winaaRmdeg erTianad gamodiodnen.

am tradiciis mixedviT pirovneba valdebuli iyo, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, Tavisi gvaris interesebi daecva. pirovneba valdebuli iyo samarTlian da usamarTlo brZolaSi Tavisi gvaris gverdiT yofiliyo. Suamavali uaryofda aseT brma damokidebulebas da es mravali hadisiTaa dadasturebuli. (ix. ebu davud, edeb 11/112) aseTi brma da upirobo damokidebulebis pirobebSi adamiani mxars uWerda ara simarTles, WeSmaritebas da samarTlianobas, aramed Tavis gvars da misi erTaderTi piroba es ukanaskneli iyo. adamians xSirad uwevda mCagvreli, moZalade, usamarTlo mxaris dacva da Tanamonawileoba.

marTalia fanatizmis saTaveebi gvarovnuli wyobilebis tradiciebamde midis, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi misi arsi Seicvala da SemdgomSi ukve raime ideis, religiuri mimdinareobis an kastis brma mimdevrobaSi gamoixateboda. fanatizmis SemTxvevaSi, am brma damokidebulebis gamo, yvela sxva idea upirobod uaryofilia da idevneba. fanatizmma aseve SeiZina politikuri mimarTulebac. amgvari viwro Sexedulebis pirobebSi nebismieri sapirispiro argumenti, rac ar unda Zlieri da WeSmariti iyos, Tavidanve uaryofilia da raime Sedegis momtani ver iqneba. Sesabamisad xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac gansxvavebuli religiuri mimdinareobis, kastis an politikuri kuTvnilebis jgufebi meore mxares uaryofen da upirispirdbian.

fanatizmi mxolod da mxolod religiur sferosTan dakavSirebuli termini ar gaxlavT. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi vxedavT, rom fanatizmi mraval sferoSi vlindeba, sporti iqneba, politika, xelovneba, literatura Tu sxva. ra mimarTulebac ar unda hqondes fanatizms, ra sferoSic ar unda vlindebodes, igi yovelTvis zedapiruli Sexedulebidan gamomdinare aris Camoyalibebuli.

fanatizmi muslimur stils ar Seesabameba, radgan muslimoba WeSmaritebisken swrafvaa, romelic gulisxmobs imas, rom WeSmaritebis erTaderTi wyaro Tavad RmerTia. fanatizmi ki aris qcevis modeli, romlis drosac es absoluturi WeSmariteba ugulebelyofilia. fanatizmis SemTxvevaSi WeSmaritebis Ziebisas umecreba dominirebs da amas ki isev WeSmariteba ewireba.

rogorc ki WeSmaritebis Ziebis process umecrebisa da fanatizmis Crdili daecema, sxvebis mier WeSmaritebis mtkicebis albaTobac ki aRar iarsebebs.

rodesac gonebaSi fanatizmi gabatondeba, iq kritikuli azrovnebis adgili aRar arsebobs. WeSmaritebis Ziebis adgils brma momxreoba ikavebs, xolo Semwynareblobis adgils - ki Zaladoba. fanatizmisTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli erTianoba da urTierTpativiscemaze dafuZnebuli garemos Seqmna. piriqiT, mas destruqciuloba da meore mxaris mimarT dakninebis mcdeloba axasiaTebs.

religiuri mimdinareoba,
WeSmaritebis Ziebisas,
religiis gagebisa da misiT cxovrebis
mxriv morwmunisaTvis sasargeblo
saSualeba unda iyos.

fsiqologiuri kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom fanatizmi didi sulieri gadacdomaa. is aris saSualeba daarRvios sazogadoebrivi TanacxovrebisTvis xelsayreli garemo da erTianobas safrTxe Seuqmnas. gansxvavebuli grZnobebis, azrovnebis, Tundac kanis ferisa da mrwamsis mimarT absoluturad Seuwynarebeli damokidebuleba, sazogadoebaSi, paranoiamde misul siZulvils, SuRls da gautanlobas warmoSobs, rac individebisa da sazogadoebis azrovnebisaTvis damazianebelia, radgan fanatizmi gonebisa da grZnobebis zRvarsgadasuli mdgomareobaa.

ra aris fanatizmi religiur mimdinareobaSi?

fanatizmi jansaRi, mSvidi da gawonasworebuli adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdgomareoba ar gaxlavT. am TavSi fanatizmis fsiqologiur da socialur ar ganvixilavT da detalebSi ar SevalT. aq SemogTavazebT religiuri mimdinareobebisTvis damaxasiaTebel fanatizms, romlebic individebisa Tu sazogadoebrivi jgufis qronikul avadmyofibaSi vlindeba.

islamSi religiuri mimdinareobebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli fanatizmi qristiani kaTolikebisa da protestantebis msgavsad mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare sisxlian dapirispirebaSi ar gadazrdila, magram Tavisi destruqciuli Sedegebi mainc moitana, ris Sedegadac erTobisa da erTianobis miRweva ar moxerxda. am erTianobis miuRwevlobis, erT gzaze erTad siarulis SeuZleblobis da bairamis dRis TariRTan dakavSirebuli SeuTanxmeblobis mizezic ki religiuri mimdinareobebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli fanatizmia.

Suamavali mTeli 23 wlis ganmavlobaSi RvTiT movlenil gzavnils avrcelebda. man dagvitova unikaluri gzamkvlevi yuranis saxiT da aseve dagvitova suna, romelic Suamavlis cxovrebas, mis gamonaTqvamebs da qcevebs moicavs. bunebrivia Suamavlis moRvaweobis periodSi aranairi religiuri mimdinareoba ar arsebobda da arc msgavsi mimarTulebiT raime mowodeba an winapiroba ar dafiqsirebula. rodesac Suamavali adamianebs moZRvravda, misi erTaderTi dasayrdeni RvTiuri gzavnili iyo. yuranis swavlebiT formirebuli cxovrebis stili, raime saxis zRvarsgadasulobas gamoricxavda.

bunebrivia es niSnavs, rom im periodSi mcxovreb adamianebs raime SekiTxvebi an problemebi ar hqondaT. sahabeTa cxovrebas Tu gadavxedavT, davinaxavT, rom isini mravali sakiTxis Sesaxeb msjelobdnen da kamaTobdnen kidec, magram maTi es msjeloba da Tundac azrTa sxvadasxvaoba religiuri mimdinareobebis Camoyalibebis donemde ar misula. Suamavali cocxali iyo da misi yofna wamoWril kiTxvebze pasuxebis Ziebisas sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani iyo. muslimebi wamoWril sakiTxebs Suamavals acnobdnen da misi brZanebebi da rCevebi mimdinare problemebs aregulirebda. Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg muslimebi erTis mxriv mis gareSe darCnen, xolo meores mxriv wamoWrili problemebis gadawyveta Tavad uwevdaT.

Cveni wminda wigni muslimebisgan brma rwmenas ar iTxovs. is mogviwodebs kvleva-Ziebisken, fiqrisken, gaazrebisken da gulwrfeli, safuZvliani rwmenis Camoyalibebisken. mravali aiaTi mogviwodebs davakvirdeT samyaros da masSi arsebul uzado wonasworobas, raTa gavigoT, rom is tyulubralod da SemTxveviT ar aris gaCenili. yuranis aseve mogviwodebs gaviazroT is usazRvro wyaloba, rac samyaroSia da rac adamianis samsaxurSia. am yvelaferze dakvirveba da fiqri yuraniseuli mowodebaa.

Cveni sarwmunoeba azrovnebas araTu ar krZalavs, aramed mogviwodebs viazrovnoT da bevri vifiqroT. im bednierebis xanaSi muslimebi yvela gaurkveveli sakiTxis aRmocenisas, yvela SekiTxvis pasuxis Ziebisas Suamavals mimarTavdnen da amomwurav pasuxebs iRebdnen. maT ar eridebodaT SekiTxvebis dasma da kamaTobdnen kidec.

Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, droTa ganmavlobaSi bevri gadasawyveti sakiTxi dagrovda. axali tipis problemebis sirTule da adamianebis SemecnebiTi unarebi xSirad erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi Tanazomadi ar iyo da am yvelaferma yoveldRiuroba Secvala. islami sakmaod farTo geografiul arealze iyo gavrcelebuli da muslimTa kulturuli mravalferovneba religiuri sakiTxebis gagebis TvalsazrisiT gansxvavbul midgomebs warmoSobda. amdenad, Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg rac dro gadioda, yuranis gagebisa da praqtikaSi ganxorcielebis sakiTxSi gansxvavebuli meTodebi gamovlinda, rac bunebrivi iyo.

gansxvavebuli socialuri
garemos mqone da
amavdroulad gansxvavebulad
moazrovne adamianebi,
mravalferovneba da simdidrea.

islamur civilizaciis pirvelive wlebSi warmoqmnili gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi umeteswilad WeSmaritebis Ziebisa da codnis SeZenis mcdelobis Sedegi iyo. Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, xalifatis periodSi warmoSobili davebi da msjelobebi, xalifa osmanisa da xalifa alis mmarTvelobis dros ganviTarebuli areulobebi am gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebis gaRrmavebas moaswavebda da sabolood es gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi calk-calke mimdinareobad Camoyalibda. pirveli mimdinareobebis warmoqmnaSi, rogorebic iyvnen xarijis, Sias, murjies da sxva, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom didi roli iTamaSa politikam.

mimdinareoba mimaval gzas niSnavs, romelic islamis swavlulebis mier religiis ZiriTadi debulebebis gagebis mcdelobisas dagrovil codnasa da gamoyenebuli meTdebis kvaldakval iqmneboda. mimdinareobebis fuZemdebeli swavlulebi ZiriTad wyaroebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetilebebs iRebdnen da am gziT garkveuli avtoriteti moipoves, ramac sistemis saxe miiRo. es exeboda rogorc rwmenis safuZvlebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, ise RvTismsxaurebasa da adamianTa urTierTobebs.

arsebobs rwmenisa da samarTlebrivi mimarTulebis mimdinareobebi. mimdinareoba is gzaa, romlis mixedviTac rwmenisa da qcevis sferoebSi swavlulTa mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi vlindeba. Tavdapirvelad yuranisa da sunas sworad ganmartebis mcdelobam Seqmna erTgvari sistemebi, romlebic mimdinareobebad Camoyalibda.

swavlulebi sazogadoebriv problemebs aqtiurad ganixilavdnen, iRebdnen gadawyvetilebebs da aseve hqondaT skolebi, sadac aswavlidnen. adamianebi, romlebic cdilobdnen religiuri debulebebis gagebas da sxvebze swavlebas, warmoadgendnen mimdinareobebis liderebs da radganac maTi gonebrivi potenciali, dagrovili codna da aseve socialuri da pilitikuri garemo gansxvavebuli iyo, bunebrivia maTi damokidebulebebis gansxvavebulad gamovlinda. mimdinareobebsac am liderebis saxelebi daerqva. magaliTad: hanefi, Safi da sxva.

sxva
muslimebis
gulwrfelobaSi
eWvis Setana,
yiblisken mdgari
gulebisa
da sejdeze damxobili
morwmuneebis
Seuracxyofa,
Zmobas
gamoricxavs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianebs erTi da igive sarwmunoeba swamT, maTi damokidebuleba, aRqmis unari, moTxovnilebebi, problemebi da pasuximgeblobebi gansxvavebulia. Taobebis cvalebadoba, sxvadasxva geografiuli areali da sxva faqtorebi ganapirobebs sruliad gansxvavebulad moazrovne adamianebis arsebobas. amas emateba socialuri da politikuri faqtorebi, rac am kontrasts ufro TvalSisacems xdis. Tu islams anTebul sanTels SevadarebT bunebrivia yvela adamiani am naTeliT Tanabrad ver isargeblebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom es sanTeli mudmivad anTia da irgvliv naTelis gavrcelebas mudmivad ganagrZobs.

rogorc vxedavT, mimdinareobebis warmoqmna yoveldRiuri cxovrebis pirobebSi warmoSobili problemebis mogvarebisa da wamoWril kiTxvebze pasuxebis Ziebis procesSi Seiqmna da es yvelaferi, am mimarTulebiT gaweuli gulwrfeli, mecnieruli Sromis Sedegi iyo. mimdinareobebis liderebi TavianTi damokidebulebebisa da Sexedulebebis xalxze Tavs moxvevas ar cdilobdnen. maTi mizani ar mravalricxovani momxreebis yola yofila. isini arc aravis mouwodebdnen, rom maTi mimdinareobis Sexedulebebi gaeziarebina. maTi Sroma da mcdeloba ukiduresad mokrZalebuli da Tavmdabluri iyo, rac islamis istoriaSi aris dafiqsirebuli.

islami WeSmariti monoTeisturi religiaa

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, islami monoTeizmze damyarebuli religiaa da is yvela morwmunes am rwmenis irgvliv gaerTianebisken mouwodebs. gamomdinare aqedan, dava, dapirispireba da danawevreba Cveni religiisTvis misaRebi ar aris. mecnierul da inteleqtualur doneze gansxvavebuli azris qona ar ikrZaleba, piriqiT, moazrovne, mkvlevari da gonebrivi potencialis sasargeblod gamoyenebis msurvelebi misaRebi da saWironi arian.

yvela mosazreba, romelic Cveni religiis sazRvrebs ar scdeba da ZiriTad Rrebulebebs ar uaryofs, mravalferovnebad da simdidred ganixileba. amgvari mosazrebebi da Sexedulebebi, romlebic wminda wignisa da sunas arss Seesabameba, religiuri azrovnebis dinamikas gamoxatavs. yvela religiuri mimdinareoba, romelic wminda wignisa da sunas moZRvrebas eyrdnoba, Cveni simdidrea.

adamianebi icvlebian, magram religiis moTxovnileba da misiT cxovrebis mcdeloba ar icvleba. sxva da sxva drosa da sivrceSi mcxovrebi adamiani religias gansxvavebulad ganixilavdnen. zogi maTgani religias dadebiTi perspeqtividan uyurebs, xolo zogi ki -uaryofiTi. RmerTma adamianebic mravalferovani Seqmna da bunebrivia Sedegic am faqtTanaa dakavSirebuli. pirobebis, aRqmis unaris da codnis donis sxvadasxvaobam gamoiwvia gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebis gaCena da Seiqmna mimdinareobebi.

rodesac im religiur mimdinareobebze vasubrobT, romelTa dasayrdeni wminda wigni da sunaa, bunebrivia ver vityviT, rom romelime maTgani srulad WeSmaritia da sxva meore srulad mcdari. aq mxolod romelime maTganis met sizusteze SegviZlia saubari. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom arcerTi mimdinareoba ar aris religia da yoveli maTgani religiis gagebisa da axsnis meTodia. gamomdinare aqedan WeSmaritebis erTaderTi mepatronis privilegias vercerTi mimdinareoba ver flobs.

fanatizmis mosalodneli Sedegebi

religiuri gagebis an Sexedulebis gaTaviseba da Semdeg misi erTaderT WeSmaritebad miCneva religiuri fanatizmisken gadadgmuli nabijia. religiuri mimdinareobis an azris ualternativobis frCxilebSi Casma da yvela sxva Sexedulebis upirobo uaryofa, bunebrivia sxva mimdinareobebs mcdar kategoriaSi aTavsebs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, romelime mimdinareobis zedmetad amaRleba da sxva mimdinareobebis dakninebis mcdeloba fanatizmia. am SemTxvevaSi amtkiceben, rom erTaderTi WeSmariteba maTi Sexedulebaa da amis paralelurad sxva mimdinareobebis Sexedulebebis daknineba da dagmoba xdeba.

amgvar atmosferoSi myofi adamianebi sakuTar jgufs erTaderT gadarCenilebad miiCneven da yvela sxva jgufebi codvilebad, gzas acdenilebad, SecdomaSi Seyvanilebad da sasjelisTvis ganwirulebad miaCniaT. arada erTaderTi absoluturi WeSmariteba yurania. misi ganmartebebisa da swavlulTa msjelobis Sedegad miRebuli konsesusidan gamomdinare Sexedulebebi absolutur WeSmaritebad ver CaiTvleba. isini kritikisTvis Ria mdgomareobaSi arian da aseve arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom WeSmaritebis migneba sxva da sxva gzebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

yoveli
muslimi
valdebulia
daicvas zomiereba
rogorc yoveldRiur,
ise religiur
cxovrebaSi.

religiuri mimdinareobis, kastis, jamaaTis mimarT iseTi damokidebulebis qona, romelic kritikuli TvaliT Sexedvas gamoricxavs da maTdami brma morCilebiT moqmedeba fanatizmia. religiuri mimdinareobebis arseboba sruliad bunebrivi movlenaa da aseve bunebrivia, rom romelime adamiani am mimdinareobis wevri iyos. es normaluria. problema brma damokidebulebaSi da mimdinareobis mier dadgenili Sexedulebebis absolutur WeSmaritebad miCnevaSia, rac sxva Sexedulebebis upirobod uaryofas iwvevs. miTumetes cudia, roca sxva gzis maRiarebel Tanamorxmune Zmebs mtrebad miiCnev. am tipis fanatizmi Cveni religiisaTvis kategoriulad miuRebelia. mimdinareobis absolutur WeSmaritebad miCneva misi religiasTan gatolebaa, rac arasworia, radgan sarwmunoeba islamia, xolo mimdinareoba mxolod gzaa, romelic islamis gagebaSi wvlils debs.

erTaderTi absoluturi WeSmariteba yurania. misi ganmartebebisa da swavlulTa msjelobis Sedegad miRebuli konsesusidan gamomdinare Sexedulebebi absolutur WeSmaritebad ver CaiTvleba.

islamis istoriis manZilze religiuri gzavnilis gagebisa da misi praqtikaSi ganxorcielebis saqmeSi religiuri mimdinareobebis roli Zalian didia. dRes ki Cveni valia am monapovars TiTo aguri SevmatoT da ufro win waviyvanoT. winaaRmdeg SemTavevaSi, Tu romelime mimdinareobas ualternativod miviCnevT da sxvebs mtrebad CavTvliT, istoriis monobaSi CavrCebiT. islamis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac religiuri mimdinareobis mxardamWerebi TavianTi mimdinareobis dacvis mizniT sxva mimdinareobis Sexedulebis gamamyarebel hadisebsac ki gamogonilad Tvlidnen da dakninebas cdilobdnen. dRes, Cvens qveyanaSi fiqsirdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac religiuri mimdinareobebi religiis donezea ayvanili da mimdinareobis modeli rwmenis safuZvlis msgavsad aris warmoCenili. aseve aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sxva mimdinareobis warmomadgenels gogos ar miaTxoveben, mis ukan namazs ar asruleben, saqmian urTierTobebs ar iwyeben da a.S. arada aseTi midgomebi erTianobas ki ara, dayofas, daqucmacebas da morwmunoebrivi Zmobis kavSirebis Sesustebas iwvevs.

fanatizmis gamovlinebaa „feTo“-s magaliTi, roca am „jamaaTis“ wevrebi religiis saxeliT SecdomaSi iqnen Seyvanilni, rac Cven yvelam vnaxeT. religiis saxeliT molaparake, magram religiiis safuZvlebis ugulebelmyofeli organizacia adamianebis Warb ndobas borotad iyenebda. adamianebis nawili imis magivrad, rom saxelmwifos gverdiT damdgariyvnen, jer kidev aRniSnuli organizaciis erTgulebas agrZeleben, rac udavod fanatizmia. brma damokidebulebam adamianebi saxelmwifo Ralatamde miiyvana da Cven yvelam vnaxeT, Tu raoden destruqciuli movlena ganviTarda.

pirovnebis an ideis absolutur WeSmaritebad miCneva sariskoa. yvela idea, romelic udavo WeSmaritebad aris CaTvlili, TavisTavad sxva, alternatuli ideebis mcdarobas amtkicebs. aseTi damokidebuleba muslimebis dayofas uwyobs xels da misi Sedegebi destruqciulia. islamur samyaroSi mimdinare procesebs Tu davakvirdebiT, Sedegi saxezea.

amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom pirovnebebis gafetiSeba, maTi ucodvelad da xelSeuxeblad gamocxadeba, islamis principebTan winaaRmdegobaSi modis. islamis mixedviT absoluturi WeSmariteba Tavad RmerTia. mis garda yvela sxva WeSmariteba SeiZleba moCvenebiTi, droebiTi an SedarebiTi iyos. rac Seexeba adamianisadmi aseT damokidebulebas, rodesac misi yoveli sityva, qceva, gadawyvetileba da mdgomareoba upirobod misaRebia da ualternativo WeSmaritebad miCneva, es miuRebelia. arasodes unda daviviwyoT, rom adamiani adamiania da is Secdomebs uSvebs. adamianTa Soris ucodveli mxolod Suamavlebi arian da isinic ki mcire Secdomebs uSveben, rac yuranSi ganmartebulia kidec. gamomdinare aqedan ucodvelobisa da unaklobis pretenzia aravis Sehferis.

raime azris an pirovnebis mimarT fanatikuri damokidebuleba sazogadoebis gaxleCas, dajgufebebis Camoyalibebasa da destruqciuli movlenebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. gansxvavebul socualur-kulturul garemoSi mcxovrebi muslimebi SesaZloa gansxvavebulad fiqrobdnen, radgan isini adamianebi arian, amitom maTi es mravalferovneba simdidred unda CavTvaloT da gulSi CavixutoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvelani vifiqrebT, rom mxolod Cven varT marTlebi da sxva yvela gzasacdenilia da mtrad miviCnevT, maSin TiToeuli Cvengani dazaraldeba.

fanatizmis magivrad erToba

adamianebis dayofa islamis principebs ewinaaRmdegeba. yuranSi nabrZanebia, rom morwmuneebi Zmebi arian. (ix. hujuraT 49/10) religiuri mimdinareoba morwmunes WeSmaritebamde miRwevaS da religiuri cxovrebis sworad ganxorcielebaS unda exmarebodes da rogorc wesi, isini saamisod Seqmnili SaSualebebia. am procesSi sxva muslimebis daknineba, maTi gzasacdenilebad gamoyvanis mcdeloba, maTi rwmenidan gaZevebis mcdeloba morwmuneobrivi Zmobis CarCoebSi ar jdeba.

islami adamianebs azrovnebis Tavisuflebas aniWebs da aqedan gamomdinare sruliad normaluria gansxvavebuli mimdinareobebis arseboba. religiur mimdinareobebs safuZvelSi mniSvnelovani inteleqtualuri Sroma aqvT Cadebuli. aq sarisko mxolod isaa, rom religiuri mimdinareoba sarwmunoebis doneze ar unda iqnas ayvanili. miTumetes Tu am yvelafers crurwmenebi, mcdari Sexedulebebi da warsulis gadmonaSTebi Seereva, problema sxva masStabebs SeiZens.

religiuri fanatizmis yvelaze mZime Sedegebidan erT-erTi „Tefrikaa“. Tefrika niSnavs dayofas, daSlas, aSlilobas, areulobas, muslimebs Soris erTanobis rRvevas, sunas moZRvrebis irgvliv gaerTanebuli morwmuneebis daSlas, martoobas da sasowarkveTilebas. rodesac xalxis guls es bneli Rrubeli moicavs, iq adamianebs gulis karebi daxSuli aqvT. wyaloba da baraqa aRar aris da irgvliv Suri da siZulvili mZvinvarebs.

morwmuneni
mxolod
Zmebi arian

Tefrikas antonimi erTbaa. erTanoba mTeli samuslimano saZmos erTianobaa, miuxedavad maTi gansxvavebuli eTnikuri da socialur-kulturuli mravalferovnebisa. am erTobaSi yvela Tavis identobas inarCunebs da amavdroulad erTi rwmenis irgvliv arian gaerTianebulni. muslimTa erTobis kedlebi Suamavlis TaosnobiT aris nagebi. yoveli morwmune TiTo aguris rols asrulebs. „muslimis sxva muslimebTan urTierToba, Senobis agurebs gavs, romlebic erTimeoresTanaa SeduRebuli“ - brZanebs Suamavali. (ix. buhari, mezalim 5)

religiur mimdinareobas SeiZleba amgvari erTobis pretenzia hqondes, magram es ar aris sruli erTba, is mxolod garkveuli jgufis gaerTianebaa. isev vimeoreb, religiuri mimdinareobis arseboba sruliad bunebrivi da normaluria, magram sxvebis mtrad gamocxadeba da fanatizmis Tesva miuRebelia.

rwmenasa da urwmunoebasTan dakavSirebuli kategoriuli gansxvaveba mxolod rwmenis safuZvlebTan pirdapir konteqstSi SeiZleba ganixilebodes. rodesac adamiani ar aRiarebs RmerTs, Suamavals, RvTiur wignebs, gankiTxvis dRes da religiur Rirebulebebs abuCad igdebs, aq ra Tqma unda saqme gvaqvs urwmunoebasTan. rac Seexeba detalebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebul Sexedulebas, aq ukve morwmunoeba-urwmunoeba ar ganixileba. amrigad, romelime relgiuri mimdinareobis mier gacxadebuli Sexedulebebis zeamaRleba da sxva mimdinareobebis urwmunoebad miCneva safuZvelSve arasworia.

rodesac muslimTa Soris rwmenis safuZvlebSi azrTa Tanxvedraa da isini rwmenis pirobebs akmayofileben da amavdroulad detalebTan dakavSirebuli gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamo erTimeores mtroben, namdvilad samwuxaro da dasafiqrebelia.

arada Tanamorwmune Zmebis mxridan erTmeoris mimarT Semwynarebluri damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba, pirvel rigSi, isev da isev sadavo sakiTxebis mogvarebas Seuwyobs xels da muslimTa erTbisken gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabiji iqneba.

fanatizmis gamovlinebaa
„feTo“-s magaliTi,
roca am „jamaaTis“ wevrebi
religiis saxeliT SecdomaSi
iqnen Seyvanilni,
rac Cven yvelam vnaxeT.
religiis saxeliT molaparake,
magram religiiis safuZvlebis
ugulebelmyofeli organizacia
adamianebis Warb ndobas borotad
iyenebda. adamianebis nawili
imis magivrad, rom saxelmwifos
gverdiT damdgariyvnen,
jer kidev aRniSnuli organizaciis
erTgulebas agrZeleben,
rac udavod fanatizmia.

da bolos

SeiZleba yovelTvis iarsebebs azri, rom romelime religiuri mimdinareobis Sexedulebebi erTaderTi da ualternativo WeSmaritebaa da mxolod am mimdinareobis Sexedulebebis mixedviT moqceva gadaarCens adamians. Tumca aqve arc is unda dagvaviwdes, sxva Sexedulebebis pirdapiri uaryofa maTi gaanalizebis gareSe, miRebuli ar aris. sarwmunoebaSi rwmenisa da urwmunoebis sazRvrebi da wiTeli xazebi naTladaa miTiTebuli. islamis safuZvlebisa da farzebis ugulebelyofa aSkara urwmunoebaa. rac Seexeba ufro detalur sakiTxebs, romelTa Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebi sxvadasxva meTodebiTaa miRebuli, maT mimarT adamianebs SeiZleba gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba hqondeT. amgvari gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebis mixedviT muslimTa erT nawilis mier meore nawilis uaryofa, dakninebis mcdeloba, urwmunod da mtrad gamocxadeba, ra Tqma unda islamis sulier principebs ar Seesabameba.

sunas mimdevari swavlulebi erTxmad miiCnevdnen, rom adamians, romelic namazis dros qaabasken dgeba, ar SeiZleba urwmuno vuwodoT. TavianTi opoziciis Sesaxeb isini ambobdnen, rom isini cdebin da sxva ufro radikaluri Sefasebebi ar gaukeTebiaT. rodesac adamianebs sakuTari nebiT ar uaryviaT rwmenis safuZvlebi, mxolod maTi romelime qcevis gamo uarwmunoebad miCneva sarisko damokidebulebaa.

„hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! roca gaeSurebiT (sabrZolvelad) allahis gzaze, ganasxvaveT (morwmune urwmunosagan) da amqveyniuri siuxvis moxveWis surviliT ar uTxraT imas, vinc mSvidobas SemogTavazebT: Sen ara xar morwmune! maSin, roca allahTanaa uricxvi alafi. aseTi iyaviT uwin, magram allahma wyaloba moiRo Tqvenze. amitom gaiazreT, ueWvelad, allahi uwyis rasac sCadixarT!“ (nisa 4/94)

aRniSnuli aiaTi gvafrTxilebs, rom situaciidan gamomdinare adamianebis urwmunoebaSi dadanaSauleba ar SeiZleba. dRes zogierT islamur qveyanaSi gavrcelebulia amgvari iarlikebis mikerebiT dakavebuli organizaciebi da maT mamotivirebeli mizani, didi albaTobiT ara religiuri, aramed politikuria. sxvadasxva religiuri mimdinareoba, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, kanis feri, salaparako ena, kultura da sxva faqtorebi muslimTa dayofis mizezi ar unda gaxdes. piriqiT, yvela am mravalferovnebis gamCeni RmerTi unda vadidoT.